DICTIONARY

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Definition[1]

dāna 檀那; the sixth pāramitā, almsgiving, i. e. of goods, or the doctrine, with resultant benefits now and also hereafter in the forms of reincarnation, as neglect or refusal will produce the opposite consequences. The 二種布施 two kinds of dāna are the pure, or unsullied charity, which looks for no reward here but only hereafter; and the sullied almsgiving whose object is personal benefit. The three kinds of dāna are goods, the doctrine, and courage, or fearlessness. The four kinds are pens to write the sūtras, ink, the sūtras themselves, and preaching. The five kinds are giving to those who have come from a distance, those who are going to a distance, the sick, the hungry, those wise in the doctrine. The seven kinds are giving to visitors, travellers, the sick, their nurses, monasteries, endowments for the sustenance of monks or nuns, and clothing and food according to season. The eight kinds are giving to those who come for aid, giving for fear (of evil), return for kindness received, anticipating gifts in return, continuing the parental example of giving, giving in hope of rebirth in a particular heaven, in hope of an honoured name, for the adornment of the heart and life. 倶舍論 18.

Source
A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous
Definition[2]

梵語 dāna,巴利語同。音譯為檀那、柁那、檀。又稱施。或為梵語 daksinā 之譯,音譯為達嚫(嚫又作[貝*親])、大嚫、嚫,意譯為財施、施頌、嚫施。即以慈悲心而施福利與人之義。蓋布施原為佛陀勸導優婆塞等之行法,其本義乃以衣、食等物施與大德及貧窮者;至大乘時代,則為六波羅蜜之一,再加上法施、無畏施二者,擴大布施之意義。亦即指施與他人以財物、體力、智慧等,為他人造福成智而求得累積功德,以致解脫之一種修行方法。大乘義章卷十二解釋布施之義:以己財事分散與他,稱為布;惙己惠人,稱為施。小乘布施之目的,在破除個人吝嗇與貪心,以免除未來世之貧困,大乘則與大慈大悲之教義聯結,用於超度眾生。
 施財之人,稱為檀越(梵 dānapati,布施主之意,意譯為施主、檀那主,簡稱為檀那);而所施之財物,稱為嚫資、嚫財、嚫金、嚫錢、堂嚫(對僧堂之僧施物之意)、俵嚫(分與施物之意)、信施(信徒施物之意)。此外,獻上錢財,稱為上嚫;施物供於佛前,稱為下嚫。於日本,信者所屬之寺院,稱為檀那寺;而道場所屬之信者,稱為檀家、檀中、檀徒、檀方。
 布施乃六念之一(念施),四攝法之一(布施攝),六波羅蜜及十波羅蜜之一(布施波羅蜜、檀波羅蜜)。布施能使人遠離貪心,如對佛、僧、貧窮人布施衣、食等物資,必能招感幸福之果報。又向人宣說正法,令得功德利益,稱為法施。使人離開種種恐怖,稱為無畏施。財施與法施稱為二種施;若加無畏施,則稱三種施。以上三施係菩薩所必行者。其中法施之功德較財施為大。布施若以遠離貪心與期開悟為目的,則稱為清淨施;反之則稱不清淨施。至於法施,勸人生於人天之說教,稱為世間法施;而勸人成佛之教法(三十七菩提分法及三解脫門),稱為出世法施。此外,關於施、施波羅蜜之區別,據優婆塞戒經卷二載,聲聞、緣覺、凡夫、外道之施,及菩薩在初二阿僧祇劫所行之施,稱為施;而菩薩於第三阿僧祇劫所行之施,則稱為施波羅蜜。
 據菩薩善戒經卷一序品載,在家菩薩行財施與法施;出家菩薩行筆施、墨施、經施、說法施等四施;而得無生忍之菩薩則具足施、大施、無上施等三施。俱舍論卷十八舉出八種布施,即:隨至施、怖畏施、報恩施、求報施、習先施、希天施、要名施、為莊嚴心等施。同書卷十八亦舉出施客人、施行人、施病人、施侍病者、施園林、施常食、隨時施等七種布施。舊譯華嚴經卷十二「十無盡藏品」則有修習施、最後難施、內施、外施、內外施、一切施、過去施、未來施、現在施、究竟施等十施。上述乃就布施行為之內容、態度、目的等之不同,而有種種分類方式。又施者、受者、施物三者本質為空,不存任何執著,稱為三輪體空、三輪清淨。〔中阿含卷三十福田經、增一阿含經卷四、卷九、卷二十、大般若波羅蜜多經卷四六九、卷五六九、菩薩地持經卷四、布施卷、大智度論卷十四、卷二十九、瑜伽師地論卷三十九〕(參閱「達嚫」5677)

Source
佛光電子大辭典
Page
p1901
Definition[3]

布施 Giving, donation, charity (dāna), one of the six perfections 六波羅蜜.

Definition[4]

以自己的財物,分施給別人。布施有三種,即一、財施,即以財物去救濟疾病貧苦的人;二、法施,即以正法去勸人修善斷惡;三、無畏施,即不顧慮自己的安危去解除別人的怖畏。
 

Source
陳義孝編, 竺摩法師鑑定, 《佛學常見辭彙》
Definition[5]

謂人常行仁慈,不吝財寶,賑濟貧窮,是名布施。

Source
明,一如《三藏法數》字庫
Definition[6]

布施者,謂內外資財,以清淨心悉能施之,而無吝惜也。(內資財,即身命法也。外資財,即世間財物也。)

Source
明,一如《三藏法數》字庫
Definition[7]

Almsgiving  布施  【參照: charity】

Source
漢英-英漢-英英佛學辭典字庫
Definition[8]

Charity  布施  Or almsgiving, the first Pāramitā. There are three kinds of charity in terms of goods, doctrines (Dharma) and courage (fearlessness). Out of the three, the merits and virtues of doctrines charity is the most surpassing. Charity done for no reward here and hereafter is called pure or unsullied, while the sullied charity is done for the purpose of personal benefits. In Buddhism, the merits and virtues of pure charity is the best.

Source
漢英-英漢-英英佛學辭典字庫
Definition[9]

Giving  布施  【參照: charity】

Source
漢英-英漢-英英佛學辭典字庫
Definition[10]

【梵】dānapāramitā
【滿】fulehun baramit
【蒙】öglige baramid
【漢】布施

Source
Pentaglot Dictionary of Buddhist Terms
Definition[11]

【梵】dānam
【滿】fulehun
【蒙】öglige
【漢】布施

Source
Pentaglot Dictionary of Buddhist Terms
Definition[12]

【梵】dānam
【梵】दानम्【中】布施
【中】施他
【藏】sbyin pa

Source
Mahāvyutpatti - DDBC version
Definition[13]

【梵】dānam
【梵】दानम्【中】布施
【藏】sbyin pa

Source
Mahāvyutpatti - DDBC version
Definition[14]

===(術語)梵語曰檀那Da%na,譯為布施。以福利施與人也。所施雖有種種,而以施與財物為本義。得大富樂之果。周語曰:「享祀時至,布施優裕。」文子自然篇曰:「為惠者布施也。」莊子外物篇曰:「生不布施,死何含珠為。」荀子哀公篇曰:「富有天下而無怨財,布施天下而不病貧。」韓非顯學篇曰:「上徵斂於富人,而布施於貧家,是奪力儉而與侈墮也。」淮南子道應訓曰:「不義得之,又不能布施,患必至矣。」又齊俗訓曰:「為義者,布施而德。」論衡定賢篇曰:「使穀食如水火,雖貪吝之人,越境而布施矣。」法界次第曰:「檀那秦言布施。」無量壽經曰:「布恩施惠。」大乘義章十一曰:「言布施者,以己財事分布與他,名之為布,惙己惠人目之為施。」維摩經佛國品曰:「布施是菩薩淨土。」

Source
丁福保《佛學大辭典》
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