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bhūta

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Dictionary Definition ：

Definition^[1]

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bhūta : [pp. of bhavati] become; existed.

Source

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A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera, Concise Pali-English and English-Pali Dictionary [available as digital version from Metta Net, Sri Lanka]

Definition^[2]

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Bhūta [pp. of bhavati, Vedic etc. bhūta] grown, become; born, produced; nature as the result of becoming. <-> The (exegetical) definition by Bdhgh of the word bhūta is interesting. He (at MA i.31) distinguishes the foll. 7 meanings of the term: (1) animate Nature as principle, or the vital aggregates (the 5 Khandhas), with ref. M i.260; (2) ghosts (amanussā) Sn 222; (3) inanimate Nature as principle, or the Elements (the 4 dhātus) S iii.101 (mahābhūtā); (4) all that exists, physical existence in general (vijjamānaŋ) Vin iv.25 (bhūtaŋ); (5) what we should call a simple predicative use, is exemplified by a typical dogmatic example, viz. "kālaghaso bhūto," where bhūta is given as meaning khīṇāsava (Arahant) J ii.260; (6) all beings or specified existence, animal kingdom (sattā) D ii.157; (7) the vegetable kingdom, plants, vegetation (rukkh' ādayo) Vin iv.34 (as bhūta -- gāma). -- Meanings: 1. bhūtā & bhūtāni (pl.) beings, living beings, animate Nature Sn 35 (expld at Nd2 479 as 2 kinds, viz. tasā & thāvarā, movable & immovable; S. ii.47 (K.S. ii.36) mind and body as come -- to -- be; Dh 131 (bhūtāni), 405; M i.2 sq. (paṭhavī, āpo etc., bhūtā, devā, Pajāpatī etc.), 4; MA i.32. The pl. nt. bhūtāni is used as pl. to meaning 2; viz. inanimate Nature, elements, usually enumd under term mahā -- bhūtāni. -- 2. (nt.) nature, creation, world M i.2 (bhūte bhūtato sañjānāti recognises the beings from nature, i. e. from the fact of being nature); DhsA 312 (˚pasāda -- lakkhaṇa, see Expos. 409). See cpds. ˚gāma, ˚pubba (?). -- 3. (nt. adj.) that which is, i. e. natural, genuine, true; nt. truth; neg. abhūta falsehood, lie Sn 397; PvA 34. See cpds. ˚bhāva, ˚vacana, ˚vāda. -- 4. a supernatural being, ghost, demon, Yakkha; pl. bhūtā guardian genii (of a city) J iv.245. See cpds. ˚vijja, ˚vejja. -- 5. ( -- ˚) pp. in predicative use (cp. on this meaning Bdhgh's meaning No. 5, above): (a) what has been or happened; viz. mātu -- bhūtā having been his mother PvA 78; abhūtapubbaŋ bhūtaŋ what has never happened before happened (now) DA i.43 (in expln of abbhuta); -- (b) having become such & such, being like, acting as, being, quâsi (as it were), consisting of, e. g. andha˚ blind, as it were J vi.139; aru˚ consisting of wounds DhA iii.109; udapāna˚ being a well, a well so to speak PvA 78; opāna˚ acting as a spring A iv.185; hetu˚ as reason, being the reason PvA 58; cp. cakkhu˚ having become an eye of wisdom. Sometimes bhūta in this use hardly needs to be translated at all.
-- kāya body of truth DhA i.11. -- gāma vegetation, as trees, plants, grass, etc. Under bhūtagāma Bdhgh understands the 5 bīja -- jātāni (5 groups of plants springing from a germinative power: see bīja), viz. mūla -- bījaŋ, khandha˚, phala˚, agga˚, bīja˚. Thus in C. on Vin iv.34 (the so -- called bhūtagāma -- sikkhāpada, quoted at DhA iii.302 & SnA 3); cp. M iii.34; J v.46; Miln 3, 244. -- gāha possession by a demon Miln 168 (cp. Divy 235). -- ṭṭhāna place of a ghost KhA 170. -- pati (a) lord of beings J v.113 (of Inda); vi.362 (id.); Vv 641 (id.). (b) lord of ghosts, or Yakkhas J vi.269 (of Kuvera). -- pubba (a) as adj. ( -- ˚) having formerly been so & so, as mātā bhūtapubbo satto, pitā etc., in untraced quotation at Vism 305; also at SnA 359 (Bhagavā kuṇāla -- rājā bhūtapubbo). -- (b) as adv. (bhūtapubbaŋ) meaning: before all happening, before creation, at a very remote stage of the world, in old times, formerly Vinii.201; D i.92; ii.167, 285, 337; M i.253; iii.176; S i.216, 222, 227; iv.201; v.447; A iv.136=Vism 237; A iv.432; J i.394; DhA i.56. -- bhavya past and future D i.18. -- bhāva truthfulcharacter, neg. a˚ PvA 14. -- vacana statement of reality or of the truth SnA 336. -- vādin truthful, speaking the truth M i.180; D iii.175; Pug 58; a˚ untruthful Dh 306; J ii.416. -- vikāra a natural blemish, fault of growth, deformity SnA 189 (opp. nibbikāra). -- vijjā knowledge of demons, exorcism D i.9; Dh i.93, cp. Dial. i.17). -- vejja a healer of harm caused by demons, an exorcist Vin iv.84; J ii.215; iii.511; Miln 23.