cakka: 'wheel', is one of the seven 'precious possessions' (ratana) of a righteous World Emperor (cakkavatti: 'He who owns the Wheel,' cf. D. 26), and symbolizes conquering progress and expanding sovereignty. From that derives the figurative expression dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti, 'he sets rolling the Wheel of the Law' and the name of the Buddha's first sermon, Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta(s. dhamma-cakka).Another figurative meaning of C. is 'blessing'. There are 4 such 'auspicious wheels' or 'blessings': living in a suitable locality, company of good people, meritorious acts done in the past, right inclinations (A. IV, 31).
cakka : [nt.] a wheel; circle; disc; cycle; command.
Cakka (nt.) [Vedic cakra, redupl. formation fr. *quel to turn round (cp. P. kaṇṭha > Lat. collus & see also note on gala)=that which is (continuously) turning, i. e. wheel, or abstr, the shape or periphery of it, i. e. circle. Cakra=Gr. ku/klos, Ags. hveohl, hveol=wheel. The unredupl. form in Sk. carati (versatur), Gr. pe/lomai, poleu/w, po/los (pole); Lat. colo, incolo; Obulg. kolo wheel, Oisl. hvel] I. Crude meaning: 1. a wheel (of a carriage) Dh 1; PvA 65 (ratha˚); Miln 27. -- 2. a discus used as a missile weapon J i.74; Pgdp 36; cp. khura˚ a razor as an instr. of torture. -- 3. a disc, a circle: heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni, forming the 2ndcharacteristic mark of a Mahāpurisa D ii.17= iii.143; D iii.149. -- J ii.331; Miln 51. -- 4. an array of troops (under tayo vyūhā: paduma˚ cakka˚ sakaṭa˚) Jii.404=iv.343. -- II. Applied meaning: 1. (a wheel as component part of a carriage, or one of a duad or tetrad=) collection, set, part; succession; sphere, region, cycle Vin i.330 (cp. Vin. Texts ii.281); iii.96; iriyāpatha˚ the 4 ways of behaviour, the various positions (standing, walking, sitting, lying down) DA i.249;Sdhp 604. sā˚, miga˚ the sphere or region of dogs & wild animals Miln 178; cakkena (instr.) in succession PvA iii. cakkaŋ kātabbaŋ, or bandhitabbaŋ freq. in Yam. and Paṭṭh, "The cycle of formulated words is to be here repeated." -- 2. (like the four wheels constituting the moving power of a carriage=) a vehicle, instrument, means & ways; attribute, quality; state, condition, esp. good condition (fit instrumentality), catucakka an instr. of four, a lucky tetrad, a fourwheeler of the body as expressing itself in the four kinds of deportment, iriyāpathas A ii.32; S i.16, 63 (catucakkaŋ). In this sense generalized as a happy state, consisting of "4 blessings": paṭirūpadesa -- vāsa, sappurisûpassaya, atta -- sammāpaṇidhi, pubbe -- kata -- puññatā A ii.32; J v.114; mentioned at Ps i.84. Cp. also Sn 554 sq.; 684. Esp. pronounced in the two phrases dhamma -- cakka (the wheel of the Doctrine, i. e. the symbol of conquering efficacy, or happiness implicated in the D.) and brahma -- c˚ the best wheel, the supreme instrument, the noblest quality. Both with pavatteti to start & kcep up (like starting & guiding a carriage), to set rolling, to originate, to make universally known. dhamma˚ e. g. S i.191; A i.23, 101; ii.34, 120; iii.151; iv.313; Sn 556 sq.; 693; J iii.412; Ps ii.159 sq.; PvA 67 (see dhamma). brahma˚ M i.71; S ii.27; A ii.9, 24; iii.9, 417; v.33; Vbh 317 sq.; 344 (see brahma). Cp. cakkavattin (below). -- Cp. vi˚.
-- chinna (udaka) (water of a well) the wheel of which is broken Ud 83; -- bhañjanin one who destroys a state of welfare & good J v.112 (patirāpadesavāsādino kusala -- cakkassa bhañjanī C.); -- bheda breaking peace or concord, sowing discord Vin ii.198; iii.171; -- yuga a pair of wheels Vv 832; -- ratana the treasure of the wheel, that is of the sun (cp. Rh. D. Buddh. Suttas p. 252; Dialogues ii.197, 102) D ii.171; iii.59 sq., 75; J i.63; ii.311; DA i.249. See also cakkavattin; -- vaṭṭaka (nt.) a scoop -- wheel (a wheel revolving over a well with a string of earthen pots going down empty & coming up full, after dredger fashion) Vin ii.122; -- vattin (cp. dhammacakkaŋ pavatteti above) he who sets rolling the Wheel, a just & faithful king (rājā hoti c. dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto Sn p. 106, in corresp. pass. v. 1002 as vijeyya pathaviŋ imaŋ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena -- m -- anusāsati). A definition is given by Bdhgh. at DA i.249. -- Three sorts of c. are later distinguished: a cakkavāla -- c˚ a universal king, or cāturanta -- c˚ (ruling over four great continents Sn p. 106; KhA 227), a dīpa -- c˚ (ruling over one), a padesa -- c˚ (ruling over part of one) Usually in phrase rājā cakka vattin: D i.88; iii.156; iv.302; v.44, 99, 342; D ii.16, 172; iii.59 sq., 75, 142 sq.; M iii.65; A i.76, 109 sq.;ii.37, 133, 245; iii.147 sq; 365; iv.89, 105; v.22; Kh viii.12 (˚sukha); J i.51; ii.395; iv.119; Vbh 336; PvA 117; VvA 18; Sdhp 238, 453; DhA ii.135 (˚sirī). -- ˚gabbha Vism 126: -- ˚rajjaŋ kāresi J ii.311; -- viddha (nt.) a particular form of shooting J v.130; -- samārūḷha (adj.) having mounted the wheels, i. e. their carts (of janapadā) A i.178; iii.66, 104.
cakka: n. 1.輪 2.範圍
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