cakkhu: 'eye' s. āyatana. - The foll. 5 kinds of 'eyes' are mentioned and explained in CNid. (PTS, p. 235; the first 3 also in It. 52): 1. the physical eye (mamsa cakkhu), 2. the divine eye (dibba-cakkhu; s. abhiññā), 3. the eye of wisdom (paññā-cakkhu), 4 the eye of a Buddha (Buddha-cakkhu), 5. the eye of all-round knowledge (samanta-cakkhu; a frequent appellation of the Buddha).
Cakkhu (nt.) [Vedic cakṣuḥ, etym. not clear, as redupl. perhaps to īks, akṣa eye, kṣạṇa moment, or as intens. to cit, cp. cinteti, & see Walde, Lat. Wtb. under inquam] the eye (nom. sg. cakkhuŋ Vin i.34; S i.115; M iii.134, etc.). -- I. The eye as organ of sense -- (a) psychologically: cakkhunā rūpaŋ disvā "seeing visible object (shape) with the eye" (Nd2 on rūpa q. v.) is the defin. of this first & most important of the senses (cp. Pv ii.61 dakkhiṇa c.=the most valuable thing): the psychology of sight is discussed at DA i.194 sq., and more fully at Dhs 597 sq. (see DhsA 306 sq; Dhs trsl. 173 sq.); cp. cak khunā puriso ālokati rūpagatāni Nd2234. In any enumeration of the senses cakkhu heads the list, e. g. Vin i.34; D i.21; ii.308, 336 sq.; iii.102, 225, 244 sq.; 269; Nett 28. -- See rūpa. Also combd. with sota: M i.318; iii.264; A i.281. -- cakkhusmiŋ haññati rūpehi S iv.201; hata˚ A i.129. passāmi naŋ manasā cakkhunā va "I see him with my mind as with my eye" Sn 1142. -- Vin i.184; S i.32, 199; iv.123; Dh 360; J iv.137; DA i.183; Nett 191. Vism 444 sq. As adj. ( -- ˚) seeing, having or catching sight of: eka˚ (dvi˚) one -- eyed (two˚) A i.128 sq.; āmisa˚ seeing an object of sensual enjoyment S ii.226; iv.159; J v.91 (=kilesalola). acakkhu blind A iii.250, 256; Ps i.129. -- (b) ethically: as a "sense" belonging to what is called "body" (kāya) it shares all the qualities of the latter (see kāya), & is to be regarded as an instr. only, i. e. the person must not value it by itself or identify himself with it. Subduing the senses means in the first place acquiring control over one's eyes (cp. okkhitta cakkhu, with down -- cast eyes Sn 63, 411, 972; Pv iv.344; & indriyesu guttadvāra; ˚indriya). In this connection the foll. passages may be mentioned: Vin i.34; D i.70; S iv.123; ii.244 (aniccaŋ, etc.); iii.255 (do.) iv.81, 128 (na tumhākaŋ); Ps I.132 (aniccatṭhaŋ). Numerous others see under rūpa. -- II. The eve as the most important channel of mental acquiring, as faculty of perception & apperception; insight, knowledge (cp. veda, olda to vid, to see). In connection with ñāṇa (ghw_sis) it refers to the apperception of the truth (see dhamma -- cakkhu): intuition and recognition, which means perfect understanding (cp. the use of the phrase jānāti passati "to know and to see"=to understand clearly). See e. g. S ii.7 -- 11, 105; iv.233; v.179; 258; 422 sq. Most frequently as dhamma˚ "the eye of the truth," said of the attainment of that right knowledge which leads to Arahantship, in phrase virajaŋ vitamalaŋ dh -- cakkhuŋ uppajjati Vin i.16; D i.86, 110; S ii.134 sq.; iv.47; 107; v.467; A iv.186; Ps ii.150 sq.; 162; Miln 16. Similarly paññā˚, It 52; ariya˚ M i.510. -- III. The eye as the instr. of supersensuous perception, "clear" sight, clairvoyance. This is the gift of favoured beings whose senses are more highly developed than those of others, and who through right cognition have acquired the two "eyes" or visionary faculties, termed dibba-cakkhu & buddha -- cakkhu It 52; D ii.38 resp. They are most completely described at Nd2 235 (under cakkhumā), & the foll. categories of the range of application of cakkhu are set forth: 1. maŋsa -- cakkhu: the physical eye which is said to be exceptionally powerful & sensitive. See Kv iii.7 (trans. p. 149 ff.). Vism 428 (maŋsa˚ 2 ñāṇa˚). -- 2. dibba -- ˚: the deva -- eye, the eye of a seer, all-pervading, & seeing all that proceeds in hidden worlds.<-> 3. paññā˚: the eye of wisdom; he who knows all that can be known (jānaŋ passaŋ recognizing & seeing, i. e. of perfect understanding; cakkhubhūta ñāṇa˚ dhamma˚ brahma˚). -- 4. buddha˚: the eye of a Buddha or of complete intuition, i. e. of a person who "sees the heart of man," of a being realizing the moral state of other beings and determined to help them on the Path to Right Knowledge. -- 5. samanta˚: (a summary account of Nos. 1 -- 4, & in all Scripture -- passages a standing Ep. of Gotama Buddha, see below), the eye of all round knowledge, the eye of a Tathāgata, of a being perfected in all wisdom. -- Out of these are mentioned & discussed singly or in sets:(Nos. 1 -- 5): DhsA 306; SnA 351; (Nos. 1 -- 3:) It 52=Kvu 251 sq. (It 52=Kvu 254); (dibba:) Vin i.8, 288; ii.183; iii.5; D i.82, 162; iii. 52, iii. 281; M i.213; Si.144, 196; ii.122, 213, 276; iv.240; v.266, 305; A i.165, 256, 281 sq.; iii.19, 29, 418; iv.85, 141, 178, 291; v.13, 35, 68, 200, 211, 340; J iii.346; Ps i.114;ii.175; Vbh 344; PvA 5. -- (paññā˚:) S iv.292; v.467, A i.35; DhA iii.174, 175. -- (buddha˚:) Vin i.6; S i.138; Ps ii.33; PvA 61. -- (samanta˚:) S i.137=Nd2 2354; Sn 345, 378, 1063, 1069, 1090, 1133; Ps ii.31=Nd2 2355.
-- āyatana (either cakkh' or cakkhv˚) the organ or sense of sight D iii.243, 280, 290; Dhs 585, 653; -- indriya (cakkhundriya) the organ of eye, faculty of vision D i.70; iii.225, 239; A i.113; Dhs 585, 597, 661, 830, 971; Vism 7; -- karaṇa (always in combn w. ñāṇa -- karaṇa) producing (right) insight (and knowledge) It 82 (of kusalavitakkā); f. ˚ī S iv.331 (of majjhimā paṭipadā); Ps ii.147; -- dada one who gives the eye (of understanding) Th 1, 3; -- dhātu the element of vision Dhs 597, 703, 817. -- patha the range of vision; sight J i.65=DhA i.173; J i.146; iv.189, 378, 403 (=cakkhūnaŋ etaŋ nāmaŋ C.); VvA 119; -- bhāta (+ñāṇa˚) (adj.) one who has become the possessor of right understanding S ii.255; iv.94; A v.226 sq. -- lola greed (or greedy) with the eye Nd2 177; -- viññāṇa consciousness by means of visual perception, visual cognition Vin i.34; D ii.308, 310; iii.243; Dhs 433, 556, 585, 589, 620; cp. Mrs. Rh. D. Buddh. Psych. Eth. p. 177; Miln trsl.i.80, 89; -- viññeyya (adj.) (i. e. rūpā) to be apperceived by the sense of sight Vin i.184; D ii.281; iii.234; Dhs 589, 967, 1095; -- samphassa contact with the sense of vision (usually with ˚ja: sprung from visual contact) (of vedanā, feelings) Vin i.34; D ii.308 sq.; iii.243; Ps i.5, 40, 136.
cakkhu: n. 1.眼 2.眼目
OUR SPONSORS
RELATED ORGANIZATIONS
