Citta
1. Citta (called Cittagahapati).-A householder of Macchikāsanda, where he was Treasurer. He was later declared by the Buddha to be pre-eminent among laymen who preached the Doctrine (A.i.26). On the day of his birth the whole city was covered knee-deep with flowers of various hues, hence his name.
When Mahānāma visited Macchikāsanda, Citta, pleased with his demeanour, invited him to his park, the Ambātakārāma, and built for him a monastery there. And there the Elder preached to Citta the Salā-yatana-vibhatti and Citta became an Anāgāmī. Thereafter many monks visited the Ambātakārāma and accepted Citta's hospitality. Among them was Isidatta, a former acquaintance of Citta, but Isidatta left when he found that his identity had been discovered. Mahānāma and Mahaka did likewise, after having performed miracles at the request of Citta.
The Citta Samyutta (S.iv.282ff) contains a record of conversations between Citta and members of the Order, among whom, besides those already mentioned, were Kāmabhū and Godatta. Citta is also said to have had discussions with Nigantha Nātaputta and Acela Kassapa and to have refuted their views.
A Thera named Sudhamma was a permanent resident in the Ambātakārāma and was looked after by Citta. Once, when the two Chief Disciples and several other eminent Elders came to the Ambātakārāma, Citta invited first these and then Sudhamma; the latter, feeling slighted, blamed Citta beyond measure, but the Buddha, hearing of this, sent Sudhamma to ask for Citta's pardon (Vin.ii.15ff; DhA.ii.74f; for details see Sudhamma).
Some time later, Citta visited the Buddha. He was accompanied by two thousand others and took with him five hundred cartloads of offerings to the Buddha and the Order. As he fell at the feet of the Buddha, flowers of five hues showered from the sky and the Buddha preached to him the Salāyatana-vibhatti. For a fortnight he continued distributing his gifts to the Order and the devas filled his carts with all kinds of valuables (AA.i.210).
When Citta lay ill just before his death, devas visited him and advised him to wish for kingship among them, but he refused to aspire to anything so impermanent, and instructed the devas and his kinsfolk gathered round him, telling them of the Buddha and his teachings (S.iv.302f). He is regarded as the ideal layman (E.g., at A.i.88; ii.164; iii.451).
He owned a tributary village called Migapattaka (SA.iii.93).
In the time of Padumuttara Buddha, Citta conceived his desire to be placed first among laymen in the teaching of the Dhamma. In the time of Kassapa Buddha he was a huntsman. One day, seeing a monk in a glen, and being pleased thereat, he hurried home, prepared a meal and brought it to the monk, together with flowers he had gathered on the way. After the offering, he made a wish that he should never lack for tribute and that showers of flowers should fall on him. In the deva-world he surpassed all others in his great beauty (AA.i.209). In the Bhisa Jātaka (J.iii.314), he is identified with the slave.
Though Citta was not an arahant, he possessed the patisambhidā of a probationer (sekha). Vsm.442.
2. Citta.-The Bodhisatta born as a Candāla. For details see the Citta-Sambhuta Jātaka.
3. Citta, Cittaka.-A deer, brother of Rohanta, the Bodhisatta. He is identified with Ananda. For details see the Rohantamiga Jātaka.
4. Citta called Hatthirohaputta (Hatthisāriputta).-A thera, son of an elephant trainer, who, having entered the Order, studied under the Buddha and gained special proficiency in distinguishing subtle differences in the meanings of words. Six times he left the Order and six times returned. His last quarrel was with Mahā Kotthita, who objected to his constant interruptions of the Elder's discussions regarding the Abhidhamma. (This incident is recorded at A.iii.392ff).
It is said (DA.ii.378f.; AA.ii.688) that in the time of Kassapa Buddha, Citta and a friend entered the Order. When the friend expressed a desire to return to household life, Citta encouraged him to do so, coveting his belongings. This was the reason for Citta's inability to remain in the Order. He was a friend of Potthapāda, and when he had returned for the sixth time to a householder's life, Potthapāda brought him to the Buddha. Citta listened to their conversation and asked questions regarding personality. At the end of the discourse (recounted in the Potthapāda Sutta) Citta once more joined the Order, never again to leave it, for he soon after became an arahant (D.i.199ff).
The Kuddāla Jātaka (J.i.311f) gives the circumstances in which he first joined the Order. He was a youth of good family at Sāvatthi. One day, while on his way home from ploughing, he received from the bowl of a certain Elder some rich and dainty food. In order to gain similar food for himself, he became a monk, but soon after, lust overcame him and he left the homeless life. Even after he became an arahant his colleagues are said to have taunted him, asking when he would be leaving them, and it was only when the Buddha told them that such a time would never be were they satisfied.
The same story, except for certain details, is also found in the Dhammapada Commentary (DhA.i.305ff), but there Citta is called Cittahattha, and a different explanation is given of his name: esa cittavasiko hutvā vicarati ti Cittahatthan ti nāmam karimsu. It is further stated that on the last occasion of his leaving home he saw his pregnant wife lying asleep and was so filled with revolt that he returned to the Order. He started forth at once, a yellow robe tied round his waist, and as he walked to the vihāra, he became a sotāpanna. The monks were at first reluctant to re-ordain him, but his importunity was so great that they relented, and in a few days he became an arahant.
5. Citta.-One of the chief lay supporters of Sujāta Buddha. Bu.xiii.30.
6. Citta.-A Thera of Ceylon. King Mahādāthika Mahā-nāga had a young and beautiful queen, named Damiladevī. One day, when she was worshipping at the Ambatthala at Cetiyagiri, Citta, who had joined the Order in his old age, fell in love with her and behaved as one mad, constantly repeating to himself "beautiful as Damiladevī." Even when told of her death, which took place soon after, he refused to believe the news and continued as before; he became, therefore, known as Ummattaka Citta. AA.i.13.
7. Citta.-A herdsman, servant of Dīghagāmani. He was put to death by the brothers of Ummāda-Cittā, because he refused to promise to kill Ummāda-Cittā's child should it be a boy. He was reborn as a Yakkha. See Cittarāja. Mhv.ix.22f.; MT.278.
8. Citta.-A minister, spoken of as Cittamahāmatta. He was very generous and kept in his house a gong, by sounding which monks could obtain the requisites at any time. Each day he spent sixty kahāpanas for the supply of medicines alone. VibhA.341.
9. Citta.-A city where Mangala Buddha performed his Twin Miracle. BuA.119.
citta
(Sanskrit; Pāli). Mind; in early Buddhism and present-day Theravāda, citta is regarded as virtually synonymous with vijñāna (consciousness) and manas (intellect) but in later schools of Buddhism it is distinguished from those two. It is defined as the cognitive ground underlying the dynamic system of psychological operations (caitta). According to many schools, the mind in its natural state is intrinsically luminous (citta-prakṛti-prabhāsvara), free from all attachments and conceptualizing, and thus is empty in nature (śūnya). In this latter sense, some Mahāyāna and tantric authorities understand citta as equivalent to bodhicitta, and hold that when the natural state of mind is obscured by the false split into a perceiving subject and perceived objects, the everyday mind, which is a fragmentation of its natural state, arises.
Citta1 & Citra (adj.) [to cetati; *(s)qait to shine, to be bright, cp. Sk. citra, Sk. P. ketu, Av. ciprō, Lat. caelum, Ags. hador, Ohg. heitar, see also citta2] variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), J iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dh 171 (rājaratha); Vv 479; Pv ii.112 (aneka˚); iv.313 (pūvā=madhurā PvA 251). Citta (nt.) painting Th 1, 674. -- Sn 50 (kāmā=Nd2 240 nānāvaṇṇā), 251 (gāthā); J v.196 (geṇḍuka), 241 vi.218. -- sucitta gaily coloured or dressed S i.226 (b); Dh 151 (rājaratha); Pv i.109 (vimāna). -- akkhara (adj.) with beautiful vowels S ii.267 (Cp. ˚vyañjana); -- attharaka a variegated carpet DA i.256; -- āgāra a painted house, i. e. furnished with pictures; a picture gallery Vin iv.298; -- upāhana a gaily coloured sandal D i.7≈; -- kata adorned, dressed up M ii.64= Dh 147=Th 1, 769; DhA iii.109 (=vicitta); -- katha (adj.) =next S i.199 (+bahussuta); -- kathin a brilliant speaker, a wise speaker, an orator, preacher. Freq. combd w. bahussuta (of wide knowledge, learned), e. g. paṇḍita . . . medhāvin kalyāṇapaṭibhāna S iv.375, samaṇa bahussuta c. uḷāra Vv 8426. -- A iii.58; J i.148; Miln 1, 21; -- kathika=˚kathin A i.24; Th 2, 449 (+bahussuta), expld at ThA 281 by cittadhammakatha; -- kamma decoration, ornamentation, painting J iv.408; vi.333; Miln 278; Vism 306; PvA 147; DhsA 334; (m.) a painter J vi.481; -- kāra a painter, a decorator (cp. rajaka) S ii.101=iii.152; Th 2, 256; J vi.333; -- chatta at J vi.540 to be changed into ˚patta; -- patta(adj.) having variegated wings J vi.540, 590; -- pāṭalī (f.) N. of a plant (the "pied" trumpet -- flower) in the world of Asuras J i.202; DhA i.280; -- pekhuna having coloured wings J i.207; vi.539; -- bimba ( -- mukhi) (a woman whose face is) like a painted image J v.452 (cp cittakata); -- miga the spotted antelope J vi.538; -- rūpa (nt.) a wonder, something wonderful J vi.512; as adv. ˚ŋ (to citta2?) easily Vin ii.78=iii.161; iv.177, 232; -- latā the plant Rubia Munjista J vi.278; ˚vana the R.M. grove, one of Indra's gardens [Sk. caitraratha] J i.52, 104; ii.188; vi.590, etc.; -- vitāna a bright canopy DhA iv.14; -- vyañjana (adj.) with beautiful consonants (cp. ˚akkhara) S ii.267=A i.73=iii.107; -- sāṇī variegated cloth J ii.290; DhA iv.14; -- sālā a painted room or picture gallery DA i.253; -- sibbana with fine sewing; a cover of various embroidery Sn 304= J iv.395; J vi.218.
Citta2 (nt.) [Sk. citta, orig. pp. of cinteti, cit, cp. yutta> yuñjati, mutta>muñcati. On etym. from cit. see cinteti].
I. Meaning: the heart (psychologically), i. e. the centre & focus of man's emotional nature as well as that intellectual element which inheres in & accompanies its manifestations; i. e. thought. In this wise citta denotes both the agent & that which is enacted (see kamma II. introd.), for in Indian Psychology citta is the seat & organ of thought (cetasā cinteti; cp. Gr. frh/n, although on the whole it corresponds more to the Homeric qumo/s). As in the verb (cinteti) there are two stems closely allied and almost inseparable in meaning (see § III.), viz. cit & cet (citta & cetas); cp. ye should restrain, curb, subdue citta by ceto, M i.120, 242 (cp. attanā coday' attānaŋ Dhp 379 f.); cetasā cittaŋ samannesati S i.194 (cp. cetasā cittaŋ samannesati S i.194). In their general use there is no distinction to be made between the two (see § III.). -- The meaning of citta is best understood when explaining it by expressions familiar to us, as: with all my heart; heart and soul; I have no heart to do it; blessed are the pure in heart; singleness of heart (cp. ekagga); all of which emphasize the emotional & conative side or "thought" more than its mental & rational side (for which see manas & viññāṇa). It may therefore be rendered by intention, impulse, design; mood, disposition, state of mind, reaction to impressions. It is only in later scholastic lgg. that we are justified in applying the term "thought" in its technical sense. It needs to be pointed out, as complementary to this view, that citta nearly always occurs in the singular (=heart), & out of 150 cases in the Nikāyas only 3 times in the plural (=thoughts). The substantiality of citta (cetas) is also evident from its connection with kamma (heart as source of action), kāma & the senses in general. <-> On the whole subject see Mrs. Rh. D. Buddh. Psych. Eth. introd. & Bud. Psy. ch. II.
II. Cases of citta (cetas), their relation & frequency (enumd for gram. purposes). -- The paradigma is (numbers denoting %, not including cpds.): Nom. cittaŋ; Gen. (Dat.) cetaso (44) & cittassa (9); Instr. cetasā (42) & cittena (3); Loc. citte (2) & cittamhi (2). -- Nom. cittaŋ (see below). Gen. cittassa only (of older passages) in c˚ upakkileso S iii.232; v.92; A i.207; c˚ damatho Dh 35 & c˚ vasena M i.214; iii.156. Instr. cittena only in S i. viz. cittena nīyati loko p. 39; upakkiliṭṭha˚ p. 179; asallīnena c˚ p. 159. Loc. citte only as loc. abs. in samāhite citte (see below) & in citte vyāpanne kāyakammam pi v. hoti A i.162; cittamhi only S i.129 &cittasmiŋ only S i.132. -- Plural only in Nom. cittāni in one phrase: āsavehi cittāni (vi) mucciŋsu "they purified their hearts from intoxications" Vin i.35; S iii.132;iv.20; Sn p. 149; besides this in scholastic works=thoughts, e. g. Vbh 403 (satta cittāni).
III. Citta & cetas in promiscuous application. There is no cogent evidence of a clear separation of their respective fields of meaning; a few cases indicate the rôle of cetas as seat of citta, whereas most of them show no distinction. There are cpds. having both citta˚ & ceto˚ in identical meanings (see e. g. citta -- samādhi & ceto˚), others show a preference for either one or the other, as ceto is preferred in ceto -- khila & ceto -- vimutti (but: vimutta -- citta), whereas citta is restricted to combnw. upakkilesa, etc. The foll. sentences will illustrate this. Vivaṭena cetasā sappabhāsaŋ cittaŋ bhāveti "with open heart he contemplates a radiant thought" S v.263=Diii.223=A iv.86; cetasā cittaŋ samannesati vippamuttaŋ "with his heart he scrutinizes their pure mind" S i.194; vigatâbhijjhena cetasā is followed by abhijjāya cittaŋ parisodheti D iii.49; anupārambhacitto bhabbo cetaso vikkhepaŋ pahātuŋ A v.149; cetaso vūpasamo foll. by vūpasanta -- citto A i.4; samāhite citte foll. by ceto -- samādhi D i.13≈; cittaŋ paduṭṭhaŋ foll. by ceto -- padosa A i.8; cp. It. 12, 13; cetaso tato cittaŋ nivāraye "a desire of his heart he shall exclude from this" S iv.195.
IV. Citta in itṡ relation to other terms referring to mental processes.
1. citta≈hadaya, the heart as incorporating man's personality: hadayaŋ phaleyya, cittavikkhepaŋ pāpuṇeyya (break his heart, upset his reason) S i.126; cittaŋ te khipissāmi hadayan te phālessāmi id. S i.207, 214; Sn p. 32; kāmarāgena cittaŋ me pariḍayhati S i.188>nibbāpehi me hadaya -- pariḷāhaŋ Miln 318 ("my heart is on fire"); cp. abhinibbutatto Sn 343=apariḍayhamāna -- citto SnA 347; cittaŋ adhiṭṭhahati to set one's heart on, to wish DhA i.327.
2. c. as mental status, contrasted to (a) physical status: citta>kāya, e. g. kilanta˚ weary in body & mind D i.20=iii.32; ātura˚ S iii.2 -- 5; nikaṭṭha˚ A ii.137; ṭhita˚ steadfast in body & soul (cp. ṭhitatta) S v.74; ˚passaddhi quiet of body & soul S v.66. The Commentators distinguish those six pairs of the sankhārākkhandha, or the cetasikas: citta -- kāya -- passaddhi, -- lahutā, etc. as quiet, buoyancy, etc., of (a) the viññāṇakkhandha (consciousness), (b) the other 3 mental khandhas, making up the nāma -- kāya (DhsA 150 on Dhs. 62: Compendium of Phil. 96, n. 3); passaddha˚ D iii.241, 288. -- (b) intellectual status: citta>manas & viññāṇa (mind>thought & understanding). These three constitute the invisible energizer of the body, alias mind in its manifestations: yañ ca vuccati cittan ti vā mano ti vā viññāṇan ti vā: (a) ayaŋ attā nicco dhuvo, etc., D i.21; (b) tatr' assutavā puthujjano n' âlaŋ nibbindituŋ, etc. S ii.94; (g) taŋ rattiyā ca divasassa ca añña -- d -- eva uppajjati aññaŋ nirujjhati S ii.95, cf. ThA. 1 on 125. -- Under ādesanā -- pāṭihāriya (thought reading): evam pi te mano ittham pi te mano iti pi te cittaŋ (thus is your thought & thus your mind, i. e. habit of thinking) D i.213=iii.103; A i.170. -- niccaŋ idaŋ c. niccaŋ idaŋ mano S i.53; cittena niyyati loko "by thoughts the world is led" S i.39=A ii.177 (cp. KS 55); apatiṭṭhita -- citto ādīna -- manaso avyāpaṇnacetaso S v.74; vyāpanna -- citto paduṭṭha -- manasankappo S iii.93; paduṭṭha -- citto=paduṭṭha -- manaso PvA 34, 43.
3. c. as emotional habitus: (a) active=intention, contrasted or compared with: (a) will, c. as one of the four samādhis, viz. chanda, viriya, c., vīmaŋsā D iii.77; Sv.268; Vbh 288. -- (b) action, c. as the source of kamma: citte vyāpanne kāyakammam pi vyāpannaŋ hoti "when the intention is evil, the deed is evil as well" A i.262; cittaŋ appamāṇaŋ . . . yaŋ kiñci pamāṇakataŋ kammaŋ, etc. A v.299. -- Esp. in contrast to kāya & vācā, in triad kāyena vācāya cittena (in deed & speech & will otherwise as k. v. manasā, see under kāya III.) S ii.231, 271=iv.112. Similarly taŋ vācaŋ appahāya (cittaŋ˚, diṭṭhiŋ˚) S iv.319=D iii.13, 15; & under the constituents of the dakkhiṇeyyasampatti as khetta -- sampatti, citta˚, payoga˚ (the recipient of the gift, the good -- will, the means) VvA 30, 32. -- (b) passive=mood, feelings, emotion, ranging with kāya & paññā under the (3) bhāvanā D iii.219; S iv.111; A iii.106; cp. M i.237; Nett 91; classed with kāya vedanā dhammā under the (4) satipaṭṭhānas D ii.95, 100, 299 sq.; S v.114, etc. (see kāya cpds.). As part of the sīlakkhandha (with sīla ethics, paññā understanding) in adhisīla, etc. Vin v.181; Psii.243; Vbh 325; cp. tisso sampadā, scil. sīla, citta, diṭṭhi (see sīla & cp. cetanā, cetasika) A i.269. -- citta & paññā are frequently grouped together, e. g. S i.13 = 165; D iii.269; Th i.125 sq. As feeling citta is contrasted with intellection in the group saññā c. diṭṭhi A ii.52; Ps ii.80; Vbh 376.
4. Definitions of citta (direct or implied): cittan ti viññāṇaŋ bhūmikavatthu -- ārammaṇa -- kiriyādi -- cittatāya pan' etaŋ cittan ti vuttaŋ DhA i.228; cittan ti mano mānasaŋ KhA 153; cittaŋ manoviññāṇaŋ ti cittassa etaŋ vevacanaŋ Nett 54. yaŋ cittaŋ mano mānasaŋ hadayaŋ paṇḍaraŋ, etc. Dhs 6=111 (same for def. of manindriya, under § 17; see Buddh. Psych.). As rūpâvacara citta at Vism 376.
V. Citta in its range of semantical applications: (1) heart, will, intention, etc. (see I.).
(a) heart as general status of sensory -- emotional being; its relation to the senses (indriyāni). A steadfast & constrained heart is the sign of healthy emotional equilibrium, this presupposes the control over the senses; samādahaŋsu cittaŋ attano ujukaŋ akaŋsu, sārathī va nettāni gahetvā indriyāni rakkhanti paṇḍitā S i.26; ujugato -- citto ariyasāvako A iii.285; ṭhita c. S i.159≈; A iii.377=iv.404 (+ānejjappatta); c. na kampati Sn 268; na vikampate S iv.71; opp. capalaŋ c. Dh 33;khitta˚ a heart unbalanced A ii.52 (+visaññin); opp.: avikkhitta˚ A v.149; PvA 26; c. rakkhitaŋ mahato atthāya saŋvattati a guarded heart turns to great profit A i.7; similarly: c. dantaŋ, guttaŋ, saŋvutaŋ ibid. -- cittaŋ rakkhetha medhāvī cittaŋ guttaŋ sukhāvahaŋ Dh 36; cakkhundriyaŋ asaŋvutassa viharato cittaŋ vyāsiñcati . . . rūpesu S iv.78; ye cittaŋ saññamessanti mokkhanti Mārabandhanā "from the fetters of Māra those are released who control their heart" Dh 37; pāpā cittaŋ nivāraye Dh 116; bhikkhuno c. kulesu na sajjati, gayhati, bajjhati S ii.198 (cp. Schiller: "Nicht an die Güter hänge dein Herz").
(b) Contact with kāma & rāga: a lustful, worldly, craving heart. -- (a) kāmā: kāmā mathenti cittaŋ Sn 50; S iv.210; kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi S i.188; kāme nâpekkhate cittaŋ Sn 435; mā te kāmaguṇe bhamassu cittaŋ Dh 371; manussakehi kāmehi cittaŋ vuṭṭhapetvā S v.409; na uḷāresu kāmaguṇesu bhogāya cittaŋnamati A iv.392; S i.92; kāmāsavā pi cittaŋ vimuccati A ii.211, etc.; kāmesu c. na pakkhandati na ppasīdati na sanṭiṭṭhati (my h. does not leap, sit or stand in cravings) D iii.239; kāmesu tibbasārāgo vyāpannacitto S iii.93; kāmāmise laggacitto (divide thus!) PvA 107. -- (b) rāgā: rāgo cittaŋ anuddhaŋseti (defilement harasses his heart) S i.185; ii.231=271; A ii.126; iii.393; rāga -- pariyuṭṭhitaŋ c. hoti A iii.285; sārattacitto S iv.73; viratta˚ S iv.74; Sn 235; PvA 168. <-> (g)various: patibaddha -- c. (fettered in the bonds of ˚) A iv.60; Sn 37, 65; PvA 46, 151, etc. -- pariyādinna˚ (grasping, greedy), usually combd w. lābhena abhibhūta: S ii.226, 228; iv.125; A iv.160; D iii.249. -- upakkiliṭṭha˚ (etc.) (defiled) S i.179; iii.151, 232 sq.; v.92 (kāmacchando cittassa upakkileso); A i.207;v.93 sq. -- otiṇṇa˚ fallen in love A iii.67; SnA 322.
(c) A heart, composed, concentrated, settled, selfcontrolled, mastered, constrained. -- (a) c. pasīdati (pasanna -- ˚c) (a heart full of grace, settled in faith) S i.98; Ai.207; iii.248; Sn 434; pasanna˚: A iv.209, 213; Sn 316, 403, 690, cp. c. pakkhandati pasīdati S iii.133; A iii.245; also vippasanna˚: S v.144; Sn 506; cp. vippasannena cetasā Pv i.1010. -- (b) c. santiṭṭhati in set s. sannisīdati, ekodihoti, samādhiyati (cp. cetaso ekodibhāva) S ii.273; iv.263; A ii.94, 157. -- (g) c.samādhiyati (samāhita -- c˚, cp. ceto -- samadhi quiescence) D i.13=iii.30, 108; S i.120, 129, 188; iv.78=351; A i.164; ii.211; iii.17, 280; iv.177; Vbh 227; Vism 376, etc. -- (d) supatiṭṭhita -- c˚ always in formula catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu -- s -- c˚: S iii.93; v.154; 301; D iii.101; A v.195. -- (e) susaṇṭhita c. S v.74. --vasībhūta c. S i.132; A i.165. -- danta c. Dh 35. -- (d) "with purpose of heart," a heart set on, striving after, endeavouring, etc. -- (a) cittaŋ namati (inclines his h. on, with dat: appossukkatāya S i.137); nekkhamma -- ninna S iii.233; viveka˚ D iii.283; A iv.233; v.175. -- (b) cittaŋ padahati (pa+dhā: pro -- ti/qhti) in phrase chandaŋ janeti vāyamati viriyaŋ ārabbhati c˚ ŋ paggaṇhāti padahati D iii.221; A ii.15=iv.462; S v.269; Nd2 97; Nett 18. In the same ṣense pa -- ni -- dahati (in paṇidhi, paṇihita bent down on) (cp. ceto -- paṇidhi) S i.133 (tattha) iv.309 (dup˚); v.157; Dh 42=Ud 39; Dh 43 (sammā˚).
(e) An evil heart ("out of heart proceed evil thoughts" Mk. 7, 21) -- (a) paduṭṭha -- c˚ (cp. ceto -- padosa) D i.20= iii.32; A i.8 (opp. pasanna -- c˚); iv.92; It 12, 13; Pv A 33, 43, etc. -- (b) vyāpanna -- c˚: citte vyāpanne kāyakammam pi vyāpannaŋ hoti A i.262. Opp. a˚: S iv.322; A ii.220. -- (g) samoha -- c˚ (+sarāga, etc.) D i.79; ii.299; iii.281; Vism 410, & passim.
(f) "blessed are the pure in heart," a pure, clean, purified (cp. Ger. geläutert), emancipated, free, detached heart. (a) mutta -- c˚, vimutta -- c˚, etc. (cp. cetaso vimokkho, ceto -- vimutti, muttena cetasā), āsavehi cittāni mucciŋsu S iii.132, etc.; vi˚ Sn p. 149. -- vimutta: S i.28 (+subhāvita), 29, 46=52; iii.45 (+viratta), 90;iv.236 (rāgā); Sn 23 (+sudanta); Nd2 587. -- suvimutta: S i.126, 141, 233; iv.164; A iii.245; v.29; Sn 975 (+satimā). -- (b) cittaŋ parisodheti M i.347; A ii.211; Siv.104. -- (g) alīna c. (unstained) S i.159; A v.149; Sn 68; 717; Nd2 97 (cp. cetaso līnatta).
(g) good -- will, a loving thought, kindliness, tenderheartedness, love ("love the Lord with all your heart"). -- (a) metta -- c˚ usually in phrase mettacittaŋ bhāveti "to nourish the heart with loving thought," to produce good -- will D i.167; S ii.264; A i.10; v.81; Sn 507 (cp. mettā -- sahagatena cetasā). -- (b) bhāvita -- c˚ "keep thy heart with all diligence" (Prov. 4, 23) S i.188 (+susamāhita); iv.294; v.369 (saddhā -- paribhāvita); A i.6 (+bahulīkata, etc.); Sn 134 (=S i.188); Dh 89=S v.29; PvA 139.
(h) a heart calmed, allayed, passionless (santa˚ upasanta˚) D.iii.49; S i.141; Sn 746.
(i) a wieldy heart, a heart ready & prepared for truth, an open & receptive mind: kalla˚, mudu˚, udagga˚, pasanna˚ A iv.186; kalla˚ PvA 38 (sanctified); lahu˚ Si.201; udagga˚ Sn 689, 1028; S i.190 (+mudita); mudu˚ PvA 54.
(k) Various phrases. Abbhuta -- cittajātā "while wonder filled their hearts" S i.178; evaŋcitto "in this state of mind" S ii.199; Sn 985; cittam me Gotamo jānāti (G. knows my heart) S i.178; theyya -- citto intending to steal Vin iii.58; āraddha -- citto of determined mind M i.414; S ii.21, cp. 107; Sn p. 102; aññācittaŋ upaṭṭhāpeti S ii.267; nānā˚ of varying mind J i.295; nihīnacitto low -- minded PvA 107; nikaṭṭha˚ A ii.137; āhata˚ A iv.460=v.18; supahata˚ S i.238 (cp. Miln 26); visankhāragata˚ Dh 154; sampanna˚ Sn 164; vibbhanta˚ S i.61=A i.70=ii.30=iii.391. (2) thought: mā pāpakaŋ akusalaŋ cittaŋ cinteyyātha (do not think any evil thought) S v.418; na cittamattam pi (not even one thought) PvA 3; mama cittaŋ bhaveyya (I should think) PvA 40. For further instances see Dhs & Vbh Indexes & cp. cpds. See also remarks above (under I.). Citta likened to a monkey Vism 425.
-- âdhipati the influence of thought (adj. ˚pateyya) Nett 16; Dhs 269, 359; DhsA 213. Commentators define c. here as javanacittuppāda, our "thought" in its specialized sense, Compendium of Phil. 177, n. 2. -- ânuparivattin consecutive to thought Dhs 671, 772, 1522; -- ânupassanā the critique of heart, adj. ˚ânupassin D ii.299; iii.221, 281; M i.59 & passim (cp. kāy˚); -- āvila disturbance of mind Nd2 576 (˚karaṇa); -- ujjukatā rectitude of mind Dhs 51, 277, etc.; -- uppāda the rise of a thought, i. e. intention, desire as theyya ˚ŋ uppādesi he had the intention to steal (a thought of theft) Vin iii.56; -- M i.43; iii.45; J ii.374; -- ekaggatā "one -- pointedness of mind," concentration Nett 15, 16; Vism 84, 137, 158; DhA iii.425; ThA 75; cp. ekagga -- citto A iii.175; -- kali a witch of a heart, a witch -- like heart Th 1, 356; -- kallatā readiness of heart, preparedness of mind VvA 330; -- kilesa stain of h. Dh 88 (DhA ii.162=pañca nīvaraṇā); -- kelisā pastime of the mind Th 1, 1010; -- kkhepa derangement of the mind, madness Vin v.189=193 (ummāda+); A iii.219 (ummāda+); DhA iii.70 (=ummāda); PvA 39; Dh 138; cp. ˚vikkhepa; -- cetasika belonging to heart & thought, i. e. mental state, thought, mind D i.213; Dhs 1022 ( -- dhammā, Mrs. Rh. D.: emotional, perceptual & synthetic states as well as those of intellect applied to sense -- impressions), 1282; Ps i.84; Miln 87; Vism 61, 84, 129, 337; -- dubbhaka a rogue of a heart, a rogue -- like heart Th 1, 214; -- pakopana shaking or upsetting the mind It 84 (dosa); -- pamaddin crushing the h. Th 2, 357 (=ThA 243; v. l. pamāthin & pamādin); -- pariyāya the ways (i. e. behaviour) of the h. A v.160 (cp. ceto -- paricca); -- passaddhi calm of h., serenity of mind (cp. kāya˚) S v.66; Dhs 62; -- bhāvanā cultivation of the h. M iii.149; -- mala stain of h. PvA 17; -- mudutā plasticity of mind (or thought) Dhs 62, 277, 325; -- rucita after the heart's liking Ji.207; -- rūpaŋ according to intention, as much as expected Vin i.222; ii.78; iii.161; iv.177, 232; -- lahutā buoyancy of thought Dhs 62, 323, 1283; Vism 465; -- vikkhepa (cp. ˚kkhepa) madness S i.126 (+ummāda); Nett 27; Vism 34; -- vippayutta disconnected with thought Dhs 1192, 1515; -- visaŋsaṭṭha detached fr. thought Dhs 1194, 1517; -- vūpasama allayment of one's h. S i.46; -- sankilesa (adj.) with impure heart (opp. c. -- vodāna) S iii.151; -- saññatti conviction Miln 256; -- santāpa "heart -- burn," sorrow PvA 18 (=soka); -- samādhi (cp. ceto -- samādhi) concentration of mind, collectedness of thought, self -- possession Siv.350; v.269; Vbh 218; -- samodhāna adjustment, calming of thoughts ThA 45; -- sampīḷana (adj.) h.<-> crushing (cp. ˚pamaddin & ˚pakopana) Nett 29 (domanassa). -- sahabhū arising together with thought Dhs 670, 769, 1520. -- hetuka (adj.) caused by thought Dhs 667, 767.
Citta [cp. Sk. caitra, the first month of the year: March- April, orig. N. of the star Spica (in Virgo); see E. Plunket, Ancient Calendars, etc., pp. 134 sq., 171 sq.] N. of the month Chaitra PvA 135. Cp. Citra -- māsa KhA 192.
citta: I. a.n. 彩繪 II. n. 心
citta: 'mind', 'consciousness', 'state of consciousness', is a synonym of mano (q.v.) and viññāṇa (s. khandha and Tab. 1). Dhs. divides all phenomena into consciousness (citta), mental concomitants (cetasika, q.v.) and corporeality (rūpa). In adhicitta, 'higher mentality', it signifies the concentrated, quietened mind, and is one of the 3 trainings (s. sikkhā). The concentration (or intensification) of consciousness is one of the 4 roads to power (s. Iddhipāda ).
citta [citta] mind. Mind is the key concept in Buddhist philosophy. It is the sixth sense. It is the receiver of the phenomena. Manas, that is, mind does not have a material form. It is the means of perception, awareness about the objects. ‘All things are creations of mind’. On account of this productive capacity mind is mentioned as ‘land’. The existence of the world is in relation to the awareness of mind. Mind is considered as the basis of the six kinds of consciousness. The six forms of consciousness are identical with mind. Mind is the inducing cause for the awareness of objects through sense-organs and perception. Thus it has capacity to have cognition of an object. The entry, that is, receiving of the objects of consciousness (mano-āyatana) is known as manas. It can reach distant objects. While manas is the rational faculty, citta is the seat of emotion. The Yogācāra School considers the mind as separate from the six kinds of consciousness. It calls the mind as the home of all latent ideas. The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra says, "Citta exists; not the objects perceptible by sight. Through objects visually cognised, citta manifests itself in body, in one’s objects of enjoyment, residence, etc. It is called the ālaya of men." The mental factors make the mind good or bad. Thus, one has to train one’s mind to keep it away from greed, hatred, delusion, conceit, and other unwholesome factors. It should be filled with loving kindness.
citta : [nt.] mind; thought; (m.), name of a month: March-April. (adj.), variegated; manifold; beautiful. (nt.), a painting; picture.
心法
(1) The dharma of mind--the mind, consciousness (Skt. citta, vijñāna, Pali citta). The mind itself 心王, as contrasted with the objects of mind 心所有法. (vijñāna). This is the first of the five classes 五法 of elements enumerated in the Yogācāra scheme of 100 elements.
(II) Mental objects = 心所.
citta: Thought.
snying
[translation-san] {LCh} hṛdaya
[translation-san] {LCh} citta
[translation-san] {MSA} hrasva-hṛdaya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} heart; mind
thugs
[translation-san] {LCh,MSA} citta
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} exalted mind; heart; mind
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