gnod pa

[translation-san] {N} upakāra

[translation-san] {N} bādhana

[translation-san] {C} vyāpada

[translation-san] {MSA,N} upaghāta

[translation-san] {MSA} upatāpin

[translation-san] {MSA} upa √hṛ (or apa √kṛ?)

[translation-san] {MSA} vighāta

[translation-san] {MSA} vyasana

[translation-san] {MSA} saṃbādha

[translation-san] {C,MSA} apakāra

[translation-san] {C,MSA} upadrava

[translation-san] {C} upakrama

[translation-san] {C} anartha

[translation-san] {C} anupakāra

[translation-san] {C} vyābādha

[translation-san] {C} ghāta

[translation-san] bādhā

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} verb: to harm; injure noun: harm; injury; damage; vessel; molestation

[translation-eng] {C} feel ill-will; exert withdrawal; removal; doing harm; distress; trouble; attack; non-meaning; harmful; misfortune; evil; non benefit; disturbing the peace of; is sacked; sacking; {GD:779} refuting

[comments] Comment: I use this translation-equivalent because, although by extension the term means ""refute"" or ""contradict,"" I often find Sanskrit and Tibetan philosophical terminology to be far richer in its literal meaning than in its rerendering into what some English-speaking scholars have identified as its philosophical meaning. Much of the psychological punch (pun intended) is lost in such translations.

Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary