Etad (pron. adj.) [Vedic etad, of pron. base *e; see Walde, Lat. Wtb. under equidem] demonstr. pron. "this", with on the whole the same meaning and function as tad, only more definite and emphatic. Declined like tad. Cases: nt. sg. etad (poetical -- archaic form) A ii.17; Sn 274, 430, 822, 1087; J i.61, 279; & etaŋ (the usual form) Sn 51, 207, 1036, 1115; J ii.159; pl. etāni Sn 52; J ii.159. -- m. sg. esa Sn 81, 416, 1052; J i.279; ii. 159; Miln 18; DhA i.18; & eso Sn 61, 312, 393; J vi. 336; pl. ete Sn 188, 760; J i.223. -- f. sg. esā Sn 80, 451; J i.307; pl. etā Sn 297, 897; J ii.129. -- Oblique cases: gen. dat. etassa J ii.159; f. etissā J iii.280; instr. etena Sn 655; J i.222; pl. loc. etesu Sn 248, 339, 1055; f. etāsu Sn 607. Other cases regular & frequent.
etad: n. 這(中單主格業格)
etad- mfn. ( Gr. 223; g. [ sarvādi ] cf. Pāṇ. 1-1 , 27 ) this , this here , here ( especially as pointing to what is nearest to the speaker , e. g. [ eṣa bāṇaḥ ] , this arrow here in my hand; [ eṣa yāti panthāḥ ] , here passes the way; [ eṣa kālaḥ ] , here i. e. now , is the time; [ etad ] , this here , i. e. this world here below ); sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns ( e. g. [ eṣoham ] , I , this very person here ) or with omission of those pronouns ( e. g. [ eṣa tvāṃ svargaṃ nayāmi ] , I standing here will convey thee to heaven; [ etau praviṣṭau svaḥ ] , we two here have entered ); as the subject of a sentence it agrees in gender and number with the predicate without reference to the noun to be supplied ( e. g. [ etad eva hi me dhanam ] , for this [ scil. cow ] is my only wealth cf. MBh. ); but sometimes the neuter sing. remains ( e. g. [ etad guruṣu vṛttiḥ ] , this is the custom among Gurus cf. Mn. ii , 206 ); [ etad ] generally refers to what precedes , esp. when connected with [ idam ] , the latter then referring to what follows ( e. g. [ eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ ] [ anukalpas tv ayaṃ jñeyaḥ ] , this before-mentioned is the principal rule , but this following may be considered a secondary rule cf. Mn. iii , 147 ); it refers also to that which follows , esp. when connected with a relative clause ( e. g. [ eṣa cāiva gurur dharmo yam pravakṣyāmy ahaṃ tava ] , this is the important law , which I will proclaim to you cf. MBh. ) cf. RV. &c. &c.; ( [ ad ] ) , ind. in this manner , thus , so , here , at this time , now ( e. g. [ n'a v'A u et'an mriyase ] , thou dost not die in this manner or by that cf. RV. i , 162 , 21 ) cf. AV. cf. VS. &c. ; [ cf. Zd. [ aeta ] ; Old Pers. [ aita ] ; Armen. [ aid ] ; Osk. [ eiso ]. ].
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