karuṇā: 'compassion', is one of the 4 sublime abodes (brahma-vihāra, q.v.).
迦樓那 Transcription of the Sanskrit karuṇā (compassion).
karuṇā
(Sanskrit). Compassion, a virtue which is of importance in all schools of Buddhism but which is particularly emphasized by the Mahāyāna. In early Buddhism, karuṇā figures as the second of the four Brahma-vihāras or ‘Divine Abidings’. These qualities are cultivated especially through the practice of meditation and are directed towards other beings without restriction. In the Mahāyāna, karuṇā is emphasized as the necessary complement to insight (prajñā) and as an essential ingredient in the perfection of the fully enlightened. In Mahāyāna sources, insight and compassion are compared to two wings with which one flies to the island of enlightenment. The followers of the Hīnayāna are criticized for their lack of karuṇā and for seeking a purely personal enlightenment regardless of the needs of others. The Bodhisattva of the Mahāyāna, on the other hand, seeks to attain nirvāṇa for the benefit of all, and vows that he will not cease from his efforts until all being have attained liberation. Some sources go so far as to allow karuṇā to override all other considerations, and enjoin the commission of immoral actions if the Bodhisattva sees that the use of skilful means (upāya-kauśalya) would reduce suffering. In Mahāyāna iconography and art the symbolic embodiment of compassion is the great Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, ‘the one who looks down from on high’. He is portrayed as having a thousand arms extended in all directions to minister to those in need. He is constantly appealed to for aid and intercession by those in difficult circumstances. In the course of time there appeared a doctrine of salvation by faith according to which the mere invocation of the name of a Buddha was sufficient, given the extent of the Buddha's compassion, to ensure rebirth in a ‘Pure Land’ or heaven.
karuṇā : [f.] compassion; pity.
Karuṇā (f.) [cp. Vedic karuṇa nt. (holy) action; Sk. karuṇā, fr. kṛ. As adj. karuṇa see under 3.] pity, compassion. Karuṇā is one of the 4 qualities of character significant of a human being who has attained enfranchisement of heart (ceto -- vimutti) in the 4 sentiments, viz. mettā k.˚ upekhā muditā Freq. found in this formula with ˚sahagatena cetasā. The first two qualities are complementary, and SnA 128 (on Sn 73) explains k˚ as "ahita -- dukkh -- âpanaya -- kāmatā," the desire of removing bane and sorrow (from one's fellowmen), whilst mettā is expl. as "hita -- sukh -- ûpanayakāmatā," the desire of bringing (to one's fellow -- men) that which is welfare and good. Other definitions are "paradukkhe sati sādhūnaŋ hadayakampanaŋ karotī ti" Bdhd 21; "sattesu k˚ karuṇāyanā karuṇāyitattaŋ karuṇā cetovimutti" as expl. of avihiŋsa dhātu Vbh 87; paradukkhāsahana -- rasā Vism 318. K˚ -- sahagatena cetasā denotes the exalted state of compassion for all beings (all that is encompassed in the sphere of one's good influence: see cātuddisa "extending over the 4, i. e. all, directions): D i.251; iii.78, 50, 224; S iv.296, 322, 351; v.115; Ai.183, 196; ii.129, 184; iii.225; v.300, 345; J ii.129; Nd2 on Sn 73; Vbh 273, 280; Dhs 1258. The def. of karuṇā at Vism 318 runs "paradukkhe sati sādhūnaŋ hadaya -- kampanaŋ karoti." Frequently referred to as an ideal of contemplation (in conn. w. bhāvanā & jhāna), so in "karuṇaŋ cetovimuttiŋ bhāveti" S v.119; A i.38;v.360; in k˚ cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulī -- katā, etc. D iii.248; A iii.291; iv.300; in k˚ -- sahagataŋ saddhindriyaŋ A i.42; unspecified S v.131; A iii.185; Nett 121, 124; Ps i.8; k˚+mettā Nett 25; k˚+muditā Bdhd 16 sq., 26 sq., 29; ananta k˚ pañña as Ep. of Buddha Bdhd 1; karuṇaŋ dūrato katvā, without mercy, of the Yamadūtā, messengers of Death Sdhp 287; mahā˚ great compassion Ps i.126, 133; -- ˚samāpatti a ʻ gest, ʼ feat of great compassion: in which Buddha is represented when rising and surveying the world to look for beings to be worthy of his mercy and help D ii.237; Ps. 1, 126 f. DhA i.26, 367; PvA 61, 195; -- 3. As adj. only in cpds. (e. g. ˚vācā merciful speech; neg. akaruṇa merciless Mhbv 85, & ati˚ very merciful J iv.142) and as adv. karuṇaŋ pitifully, piteously, mournfully, in k˚ paridevati J vi.498, 513, 551; Cp. ix.54; also in abl. karuṇā J vi.466. -- See also kāruñña.
-- âdhimutta intent upon compassion D ii.241, 242; -- ânuvattin following the dictates of mercy Dāvs iii.46; -- guṇaja originating in the quality of compassion Sdhp 570; -- jala water of c., shower of mercy Miln 22; Mhbv 16; -- jhāna meditation on pity, ecstasy of c. D ii.237 -- 39; -- ṭṭhāniya worthy of c. PvA 72; -- para one who is highest in compassion, compassionate Sdhp 112, 345; -- bala the power of c. Mhvs 15, 61, 130; Sdhp 577; -- brahmavihāra divine state of pity Vism 319. -- bhāvanā consideration or cultivation of pity Vism 314 sq. -- rasa the sweetness of c. Mhbv 16; -- vihāra (a heart) in the state of c. Vism 324 (& adj. ˚vihārin); DA i.33; -- sāgara an ocean of mercy Mhbv 7; -- sītala "cool with c." +hadaya, whose heart is tempered with mercy Sdhp 33; DA i.1.
karuṇā: f. 悲愍(古譯:悲)
karuṇā: Compassion.
【梵】karuṇā
【滿】gosin
【蒙】nigülesekhü
【漢】悲
snying rje
[translation-san] {LCh,L,MSA} karuṇā
[translation-san] {C,MSA} kṛpā
[translation-san] {MV} kṛpatā
[translation-san] {MSA} karuṇāyamāna
[translation-san] {MSA} kāruṇika
[translation-san] {MV,MSA} kāruṇya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [heart-foremost]; compassion
[translation-eng] {C} pity
thugs rje
[translation-san] {L,MSA} karuṇā
[translation-san] {L} mahākaruṇā
[translation-san] {MSA} (√karuṇāya}: karuṇāyate
[translation-san] {MSA} kṛpā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} compassion
[translation-eng] mercy; great compassion
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