kleśa [kilesa] defilement, impurity or delusion. According to Buddhist psychology, mind is fundamentally pure but it is defiled by unwholesome qualities known as defilements that come from without. The defilements stand in the way of spiritual practice and obstruct wisdom. When they are latent and inactive in mind, they are known as residue (anuśaya) [anusaya]; when they become distinct, they are known as paryavasthāna [pariyuṭṭhāna].     The defilements are designated as akuśala, that is, the evil factors. The defilements of greed (rāga or lobha), aversion (dveṣa) [dosa], ignorance (moha, avidyā) [avijjā] are the root causes of suffering. These are known as three fundamental defilements. They are in conflict with generosity, loving-kindness and wisdom which are known as the root causes of awakening.     An aspirant has to overcome the above-mentioned defilements; he has to substitute them by the wholesome roots of awakening and march on the path of spirituality. When the operation of the defilements comes to an end, the aspirant attains nirvāṇa.     According to the Abhidhamma the ten defilements are as follows.(1) greed (lobha),
(2) hatred (doṣa) [dosa],
(3) delusion (moha),
(4) conceit (māna),
(5) false views (kudṛṣṭi) [diṭṭhi],
(6) doubt (vicikitsā) [vicikicchā],
(7) mental torpor (styāna) [thīna],
(8) restlessness (auddhatya) [uddhacca],
(9) shamelessness (to do evil) (āhrīkya) [ahirika],
(10) lack of fear (to do evil) (anotrapya) [anottappa].     The Yogācāra School enlists the defilements as follows: greed, anger, pride, ignorance, false views, and doubt.     The list of the auxiliary defilements contains wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, worry, jealousy, trickery, deceit, arrogance, causing injury, shamelessness, lack of modesty, mental torpor, restlessness, non-belief, sloth, indolence, forgetfulness, distraction, non-discernment, regret, drowsiness, discursive thought, and investigation.

     The Buddha was beyond defilements. In the Aṅguttara Nikāya, the Buddha says, "As a lotus, fair and lovely, is not soiled by water, by the world I am not soiled. Therefore, I am the Buddha."

Buddhānusmṛti - A Glossary of Buddhist Terms

Aṭṭhasālinī. I. 357. A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. I. 38-39; VII. 268-269. Majjhima Nikāya. Ākaṅkheyya, Anaṅga, Bhayabherava, Cetokhila, Chachakka, Cūḷadukkhakhandha, Cūḷavedalla, Dhammadāyāda, Dhātuvibhaṅga, Dvedhāvitakka, Madhupiṇḍika, Mahāsaccaka, Sabbāsava, Sallekha, Sammādiṭṭhi, Vattha. Saṃyutta Nikāya. Aññatara, Anusaya, Avijjā, Bhikkhu, Vidhā.

kleśa

(Sanskrit; Pāli, kilesa). General term for defilements, vices, or negative psychological tendencies. The term means something like ‘affliction’, in the sense of disturbances of the mind. The three most basic are greed (rāga), hatred (dveṣa), and delusion (moha), although many different lists and variant terms are found. Thus, according to Vasubandhu in the Abhidharma-kośa the six basic defilements are greed (rāga), hatred (pratigha), ignorance (avidyā), arrogance (māna), doubt (vicikitsā), and false views or opinionatedness (dṛṣṭi). Sometimes the list is extended to ten to include delusion (moha), laxity (styāna), exciteability (auddhatya), shamelessness (ahrīka), and recklessness (anapatrāpya). Under the influence of these defilements individuals perform unwholesome (akuśala) acts which produce bad karma leading to an inferior rebirth. They can be eliminated by the cultivation of their corresponding virtues and through meditation.

A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 2003, 2004 (which is available in electronic version from answer.com)

klesa: m. {=[kilesa污染]}

巴漢辭典 編者：(斗六) 廖文燦