Mahāparinibbāna Sutta

The sixteenth sutta of the Dīgha Nikāya. It contains a more or less detailed account of the last year of the Buddha's life. It also contains, besides other matter,

• a prophecy of the greatness of Pātaliputta and
• the contemplated attack on the Vajjians by Ajātasattu,
• details of the seven conditions of welfare of the Order,
• the lineage of faith (ariyavamsa),
• eight causes of earthquake,
• the last meal of the Buddha,
• the four places of pilgrimage,
• the four great authorities (mahāpadesa),
• the obsequies of a king,
• the erection of cetiyas,
• the previous history of Kusinārā,
• the Buddha's death and cremation,
• the distribution of the Relics by Dona, and
• the erection of the Thūpas over the Relics. D.ii.72ff.

Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, G P Malalasekera (1899-1973), which is available as printed version from

Mahāparinibbāna Sutta

‘The Discourse on the Great Decease’, being the sixteenth and longest discourse in the Collection of Long Discourses (Dīgha Nikāya) of the Pāli Canon. The text describes the events leading up to the Buddha's death and his travels during the last few months of his life. The discourse makes reference to an impending war between Magadha and Vajjī, and begins with King Ajātaśatru (Pāli, Ajātasattu) dispatching a minister to seek the Buddha's advice. Most of the rest of the text consists of a sustained conversation between the Buddha and Ānanda, and it reiterates much material that occurs in other canonical sources. In the course of the narrative the Buddha predicts the end of his life three months hence, and partakes of the meal which causes a grave illness shortly before his death (see sūkara-maddava). He also states that if he had been requested to do so it was within his power to prolong his life until the end of the aeon. The narrative ends with the Buddha's cremation and the distribution of his relics.

A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 2003, 2004 (which is available in electronic version from answer.com)