Pa˚ (indecl.) [Ved. pra, Idg. *pro, cp. Gr. pro/, Lat. pro, Goth. fra, Lith. pra, prō, Oir. ro -- ] directional prefix of forward motion, in applied sense often emphasising the action as carried on in a marked degree or even beyond its mark (cp. Ger. ver -- in its function of Goth. fra & Ger. vor). Thus the sphere of pa -- may be characterised in foll. applications: 1. forth, forward, out: papatati fall forward, i. e. down; ˚neti bring forth (to); ˚gaṇhāti hold out; ˚tharati spread forth; ˚dhāvati run out; ˚bajati go forth; ˚sāreti stretch out; etc. -- 2. (intensive) in a marked degree, more than ordinarily (cp. E. up in cut up, heap up, fill up; thus often to be trsld by "up," or "out," or "about"): pakopeti up -- set; ˚chindati cut up; ˚bhañjati break up; ˚cinati heap up; ˚kiṇṇaka scattered about; ˚nāda shouting out; ˚bhāti shine forth; ˚bhavati grow up, prevail; ˚dūseti spoil entirely; ˚jahati give up entirely; ˚tapeti make shine exceedingly (C. ativiya dīpeti); ˚jalati blaze up; ˚jānāti know well. -- In this meaning often with adjectives like patanu very thin; ˚thaddha quite stiff; ˚dakkhiṇa right in pre -- eminence; ˚bala very strong. -- 3. "onward": paṭṭhāya from . . . onward; pavattati move on; fig. "further, later": paputta a later (secondary) son, i. e. grandson. -- 4. "in front of," "before": padvāra, before the door. -- 5. Sometimes in trs. (reflexive) use, like pakūjin singing out to (each other, cp Ger. besingen, an -- rufen). -- The most frequent combination with other (modifying) prefixes is sam -- ppa; its closest relatives (in meaning 2 especially) are ā and pari. The double (assimilation) p is restored after short vowels, like appadhaŋsiya (a+pa˚).
