rasa. Taste, flavour; the sense of taste. One of the six sensations.
味 Taste, flavor.
rasa : [m.] taste; juice; flavour; quick-silver.
Rasa1 [Vedic rasa; with Lat. ros "dew," Lith. rasā id., and Av Ranhā N. of a river, to Idg. *eres to flow, as in Sk. arṣati, Gr. a)/yorros (to r(e/w); also Sk. ṛṣabha: see usabha1. -- Dhtp 325 defines as "assādane" 629 as "assāda -- snehanesu"; Dhtm 451 as "assāde." -- The decl. is usually as regular a -- stem, but a secondary instr. fr. an s -- stem is to be found in rasasā by taste A ii.63; J iii.328] that which is connected with the sense of taste. The defn given at Vism 447 is as follows: "jivhā -- paṭihanana -- lakkhaṇo raso, jivhā -- viññāṇassa visaya -- bhāvo raso, tass' eva gocara -- paccupaṭṭhāno, mūla -- raso khandha -- raso ti ādinā nayena anekavidho," i. e. rasa is physiologically & psychologically peculiar to the tongue (sense -- object & sense -- perception), and also consists as a manifold object in extractions from roots, trunk etc. (see next). -- The conventional encyclopaedic defn of rasa at Nd1 240; Nd2 540, Dhs 629 gives taste according to: (a) the 6 -- fold objective source as mūla -- rasa, khandha˚, taca˚, patta˚, puppha˚, phala˚, or taste (i. e. juice, liquid) of root, trunk, bark, leaf, flower & fruit; and -- (b) the 12 -- fold subjective (physiological) sense -- perception as ambila, madhura, tittika, kaṭuka loṇika, khārika, lambila (Miln 56: ambila), kasāva; sādu, asādu, sīta, uṇha, or sour, sweet, bitter, pungent, salt, alkaline, sour, astringent; pleasant, unpleasant, cold & hot. Miln 56 has the foll.: ambila, lavaṇa, tittaka, kaṭuka, kasāya, madhura. -- 1. juice [as applied in the Veda to the Soma juice], e.g. in the foll. combns: ucchu˚of sugar cane, extract of sugar, cane syrup Vin i.246; VvA 180; patta˚ & puppha˚ of leaf & flower Vin i.246; madhura˚ of honey PvA 119. -- 2. taste as (objective) quality, the sense -- object of taste (cp. above defns). In the list of the āyatanas, or senses with their complementary sense -- objects (sentient and sensed) rasa occupies the 4th place, following upon gandha. It is stated that one tastes (or "senses") taste with the tongue (no reference to palate): jivhāya rasaŋ sāyitvā (or viññeyya). See also āyatana 3 and rūpa. -- M iii.55 (jivhā -- viññeyya r.), 267; D iii.244, 250; Sn 387; Dhs 609; PvA 50 (vaṇṇagandha -- rasa -- sampanna bhojana: see below 5). -- 3. sense of taste, as quality & personal accomplishment. Thus in the list of senses marking superiority (the 10 ādhipateyyas or ṭhāṇas), similar to rasa as special distinction of the Mahāpurisa (see cpd. ras -- agga) S iv.275 =Pv ii.958; A iv.242. -- 4. object or act of enjoyment, sensual stimulus, material enjoyment, pleasure (usually in pl.) Sn 65 (rasesu gedha, see materialistic exegesis at Nd2 540), 854 (rase na anugijjhati; perhaps better rasesu, as SnA); A iii.237 (puriso agga˚ -- parititto: perhaps to No. 2). -- 5. flavour and its substance (or substratum), e. g. soup VvA 243 (kakkaṭaka˚ crabsoup), cp. S v.149, where 8 soup flavours are given (ambila, tittaka, kaṭuka, madhura, khārika, akhārika, loṇika, aloṇika); Pv ii.115 (aneka -- rasa -- vyañjana "with exceptionally flavoured sauce"); J v.459, 465. gorasa "flavour of cow, i. e. produce of cow: see under go. Also metaphorically: "flavour, relish, pleasure": Sn 257 (pariveka˚, dhamma -- pīṭi˚, cp. SnA 299 "assād' aṭṭhena" i. e. tastiness); PvA 287 (vimutti˚ relish of salvation). So also asattha˚, dhamma˚, vimutti˚ Ps ii.89. -- 6. (in grammar & style) essential property, elegance, brightness; in dramatic art "sentiment" (flavour) (see Childers s. v. naṭya -- rasa) Miln 340 (with opamma and lakkhaṇa: perhaps to No. 7); PvA 122 (˚rasa as ending in Np. Angīrasa, expld as jutiyā adhivacanaŋ, " i. e. brightness, excellency). -- 7. at t. t. in philosophy "essential property" (Expos. 84), combd with lakkhaṇa etc. (cp. Cpd. 13, 213), either kicca˚ function orsampatti˚ property DhsA 63, 249; Vism 8, 448; Miln 148. -- 8. fine substance, semi -- solid semiliquid substance, extract, delicacy, fineness, dust. Thus inpaṭhavī˚ "essence of earth," humus S i.134 (trsln "taste of earth," rather abstract); or rasapaṭhavī earth as dust or in great fineness, "primitive earth" (before taking solid shape) D iii.86 sq. (trsl. "savoury earth," not quite clear), opp. to bhūmipappaṭaka; Vism 418; pabbata -- rasa mountain extract, rock -- substance J iii.55; suvaṇṇa˚ gold dust J i.93. <-> 9. (adj. -- ˚) tasting Vv 1611 (Amatarasā f.=nibbānarasāvinī VvA 85).
-- agga finest quality (of taste), only in further compn with ˚aggita (ras -- agga -- s -- aggita) most delicate sense trsln Dial.) D iii.167, and ˚aggin (ras -- agga -- s -- aggin, cp. MVastu ii.306: rasa -- ras' âgrin) of the best quality (of taste, cp. above 2), said of the Mahāpurisa D ii.18= iii.144 (cp. trsln Dial. ii.15 "his taste is supremely acute"). The phrase & its wording are still a little doubtful. Childers gives etym. of rasaggas -- aggin as rasa -- ggas -- aggin, ggas representing gras to swallow (not otherwise found in Pāli!), and expls the BSk. ras'âgrin as a distortion of the P. form. -- añjana a sort of ointment (among 5 kinds), "vitriol" (Rh. D.) Vin i.203. -- âda enjoying the objects of taste M iii.168. -- āyatana the sphere of taste D iii.243, 290; Dhs 629, 653, 1195 (insert after gandha˚, see Dhs. trsl. 319). -- ārammaṇa object of taste Dhs 12, 147, 157. -- āsā craving for tastes Dhs 1059. -- garuka bent on enjoyment SnA 107.-- taṇhā thirst for taste, lust of sensual enjoyment D iii.244, 280; J v.293; Dhs 1059; DhA iv.196. -- saññā perception of tastes D iii.244 (where also ˚sañcetanā). -- haraṇī (f.) [ph. ˚haraṇiyo, in compn haraṇi˚] taste -- conductor, taste -- receiver; the salivary canals of the mouth or the nerves of sensation; these are in later literature given as numbering 7000, e. g. at J v.293 (khobhetvā phari); DhA i.134 (anuphari); KhA 51 (only as 7!); SnA 107 (paṭhama -- kabaḷe mukhe pakkhitta -- matte satta rasa -- haraṇi -- sahassāni amaten' eva phutāni ahesuŋ). Older passages are: Vin ii.137; D iii.167 (referring to the Mahāpurisa: "sampajjasā r -- haranī susaṇṭhitā," trsln: erect taste -- bearers planted well [in throat]).
Rasa2 ( -- ˚) is a dial. form of ˚dasa ten, and occurs in Classic Pāli only in the numerals for 13 (terasa), 15 (paṇṇa -- rasa, pannarasa), 17 (sattarasa) & 18 (aṭṭhārasa, late). The Prk. has gone further: see Pischel, Prk. Gr. § 245.
rasa: Taste.
rása m. (ifc. f. ā) the sap or juice of plants, Juice of fruit, any liquid or fluid, the best or finest or prime part of anything, essence, marrow RV. &c. &c
• water, liquor, drink MBh. Kāv. &c
• juice of the sugar-cane, syrup Suśr.
• any mixture, draught, elixir, potion R. BhP.
• melted butter L.
• (with or scil. gavām) milk MBh.
• (with or scil. viṣasya) poison Daś. Rājat. [Page 869, Column 3]
• nectar L.
• soup, broth L.
• a constituent fluid or essential juice of the body, serum, (esp.) the primary juice called chyle (formed from the food and changed by the bile into blood) ib.
• mercury, quicksilver (sometimes regarded as a kind of quintessence of the human body, else where as the seminal fluid of Śiva) Sarvad.
• semen virile RV. i, 105, 2
• myrrh L.
• any mineral or metallic salt Cat.
• a metal or mineral in a state of fusion (cf. upa-, mahā-r○)
• gold L.
• Vanguieria Spinosa L.
• a species of amaranth L.
• green onion L.
• resin L.
• = amṛta L.
• taste, flavour (as the principal quality of fluids, of which there are 6 original kinds, viz. madhura, sweet
• amla, sour
• lavaṇa, salt
• kaṭuka, pungent
• tikta, bitter
• and kaṣāya, astringent
• sometimes 63 varieties are distinguished, viz. beside the 6 original ones, 15 mixtures of 2, 20 of 3, 15 of 4, 6 of 5, and 1 of 6 flavours) ŚBr. &c. &c
• N. of the number 'six' VarBṛS. Śrutab.
• any object of taste, condiment, sauce, spice, seasoning MBh. Kāv. &c
• the tongue (as the organ of taste) BhP.
• taste or inclination or fondness for (loc. with or scil. upari, or comp.), love, affection, desire MBh. Kāv. &c
• charm pleasure, delight ib.
• (in rhet.) the taste or character of a work, the feeling or sentiment prevailing in it (from 8 to 10 Rasas are generally enumerated, viz. śṛṅgāra, love
• viira, heroism
• bībhatsa, disgust
• raudra, anger or fury
• hāsya, mirth
• bhayānaka, terror
• karuṇa, pity
• adbhuta, wonder
• śānta, tranquillity or contentment
• vātsalya, paternal fondness
• the last or last two are sometimes omitted
• under. bhāva) Bhar. Daśar. Kāvyâd. &c
• the prevailing sentiment in human character Uttarar. Rājat.
• (with Vaishṇavas) disposition of the heart or mind, religious sentiment (there are 5 Rasas or Ratis forming the 5 degrees of bhakti, q.v., viz. śānti, dāsya, sākhya, vātsalya, and mādhurya) W.
• a kind of metre Piṅg.
• N. of the sacred syllable, 'Om, 'cf. ŚāṅkhGṛ
• the son of a Nishāda and a Śanakī L.
• (ā), f. s.v
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