戲論(Skt. prapañca; Tib. spros pa)
I. According to Nāgārjuna 龍樹, words which conceal and cover reality, which are nothing but subjective counterfeits, and lead further into ignorance and affliction (ant.→deśanā). Specifically speaking, these are divided into four categories: (1) speech (vāc); (2) marks (nimitta); (3) concepts; and (4) discrimination (vikalpana).

II. Discrimination 分別.

III. Metaphysical speculation.

IV. Wasteful talk. Intellectual frivolity.