Yoga. A Sanskrit word, meaning both "yoke" and "union." It represents a practical means of so training the individual self as to unite it eventually to the universal self. Although it is a concept that is rooted in Hindu and Buddhist thought and practice, it has parallels in Christianity, and many Christians today find yogic training helpful. Several forms of yoga are traditionally recognized, e.g., bhakti yoga, which stresses devotion; karma yoga, which stresses ethical conduct; and mantra yoga, which seeks self-control through the rhythmic repetition of certain sounds. The earliest description of yoga is found in the Upanishads and the technique was developed by Patañjali.

Geddes MacGregor, Dictionary of Religion and Philosophy, New York: Paragon House, 1989

yoga

(Sanskrit, yoking, joining). Any form of spiritual discipline aimed at gaining control over the mind with the ultimate aim of attaining liberation from rebirth. Yogic practices such as bodily postures and breath control are common to many Indian religions, although such practices were only termed ‘yoga’ a little before the time of the Buddha. The Buddha used such techniques primarily as aids to meditation, whereas other teachers emphasized the physical exercises and bodily postures that became known as Haṭha yoga. The process of systematization of these techniques was carried out by the Yoga school, one of the six systems (darśana) of Indian philosophy, and its teachings are codified in the Yoga Sūtra (2nd-3rd century ce) of Patañjali. According to this text, the goal of yoga is ‘the cessation of mental fluctuation’ (cittavṛtti nirodha), and the practical methods it uses to attain this are very similar to early Buddhist techniques of meditation based on breath control.

A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 2003, 2004 (which is available in electronic version from answer.com)

yoga : [m.] connection; bond; endeavour; conjunction; attachment; effort; mixture.

A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera, Concise Pali-English and English-Pali Dictionary [available as digital version from Metta Net, Sri Lanka]

Yoga [Vedic yoga, see etym. under yuga & yuñjati. Usually m.; pl. nt. yogāni occurs at D ii.274 in meaning "bonds"] lit. "yoking, or being yoked," i. e. connection, bond, means; fig. application, endeavour, device. -- 1. yoke, yoking (rare?) J vi.206 (meant here the yoke of the churning -- sticks; cp. J vi.209). -- 2. connection with ( -- ˚), application to; (natural) relation (i. e. body, living connection), association; also conjunction (of stars). mānusaka yoga the relation to the world of men (the human body), opp. dibba yoga: S i.35=60; Sn 641; Dh 417; expld at DhA iv.225 as "kāya." <-> association with: D iii.176; application: Vism 520 (+uppāda). yogato (abl.) from being connected with, by association with PvA 40 (bālya˚), 98 (sammappadhāna˚). -- pubba˚connection with a former body, one's former action or life -- history J v.476; vi.480; Miln 2. See pubbe1. -- aḍḍhayoga a "half -- connected" building, i. e. a half -- roofed monastery Vin i.239; Vism 34. -- nakkhatta˚ a conjunction of planets, peculiar constellation (in astrology) J i.82, 253 (dhana -- vassāpanaka suitable for a shower of wealth); iii.98; DhA i.174; DhsA 232 (in simile). -- 3. (fig.) bond, tie; attachment (to the world and its lusts), or what yokes to rebirth (Cpd. 1712). There are 4 yogas, which are identical with the 4 oghas viz. kāma˚, bhava˚, diṭṭhi˚, avijjā˚, or the bonds of craving, existence, false views, and ignorance; enumd in detail at A ii.10; D iii.230, 276; J i.374; cp. Ps i.129 (catūhi yogehi yutto lokasannivāso catu -- yoga -- yojito); VbhA 35. Mentioned or referred to at S v.59; Dhs 1059 (ogha+, in defn of taṇhā), cp, Dhs trsln 308; Nett 31 (with ogha), 114 (id.); as sabba -- (or sabbe) yogā at Th 2, 4; 76; Si.213; DhA iii.233; severally at It 95 (bhava -- yoga -- yutta āgāmī hoti, +kāma˚); ogha+yoga: Pug 21 (avijjā˚); Vism 211, 684; cp. also D ii.274 (pāpima -- yogāni the ties of the Evil one); It 80 (yogā pamocenti bahujanaŋ). -- 4. application, endeavour, undertaking, effort DhA iii.233, 234 (=samma -- ppadhāna).yogaŋ karoti to make an effort, to strive after (dat.) S ii.131; A ii.93 (āsavānaŋ khayāya y. karaṇīya); Miln 35. yogaŋ āpajjati to show (earnest) endeavour, to be active S iii.11 sq.; Vbh 356 (attanā). -- dhamma˚ one who is devoted to the Dhamma A iii.355; yutta˚ (bent on, i. e.) earnest in endeavour J i.65; yāca˚given to making offerings: see yāca. -- 5. pondering (over), concentration, devotion M i.472; Dh 209 (=yoniso manasikāra DhA iii.275), 282 (same expln at DhA iii.421); Miln 3; Vbh 324 (yoga -- vihitesu kamm' & sipp' -- āyatanesu; VbhA 410 expls: y. vuccati paññā; -- perhaps better to above 4?). -- 6. (magic) power, influence, device, scheme J vi.212 (yoga -- yogena practice of spells etc. =tāya tāya yuttiyā C.); PvA 117 (combd with manta, ascribed to devas). -- 7. means, instrument, remedy J i.380 (vamana˚ an emetic); vi.74 (ekaŋ yogaŋ datvā; but we better read bhesajjaŋ tassa datvā for vatvā, and ekaŋ yogaŋvatvā for datvā; taking yoga in meaning of "charm, incantation"); Miln 109 (yena yogena sattānaŋ guṇa -- vaḍḍhi . . . tena hitaŋ upadahati).
   -- âtiga one who has conquered the yoke, i. e. bond of the body or rebirth It 61 (muni), 81 (id.). -- âtigāmin= ˚âtiga; A ii.12 (same as sabba -- yoga -- visaŋyutta). -- âvacara "one at home in endeavour," or in spiritual (esp. jhāna -- ) exercises; one who practises "yoga"; an earnest student. The term is peculiar to the Abhidhamma literature. -- J i.303, 394, 400; iii.241 (saŋsārasāgaraŋ taranto y.); Ps ii.26; KvuA 32; Miln 33 sq., 43, 366, 378 sq.; Vism 245 (as hunter) 246 (as begging bhikkhu), 375 (iddhi -- study), 587, 637, 666, 708; DhA ii.12 (padhānaŋ padahanto y.); iii.241 (˚bhikkhu); DhsA 187 (ādhikammika), 246 (˚kulayutta); VbhA 115, 220, 228 (as bhikkhu on alms -- round), 229 (as hunter), 258, 331; KhA 74; SnA 20, 374. -- kkhema [already Vedic yoga -- kṣema exertion & rest, acquisition & possession] rest from work or exertion, or fig. in scholastic interpretation "peace from bondage," i. e. perfect peace or "uttermost safety" (K.S. ii.132); a freq. epithet of nibbāna [same in BSk.: yogakṣema, e. g. Divy 98, 123, 303, 498] M i.117 (˚kāma), 349, 357, (anuttara); S i.173 (˚adhivāhana); ii.195 (anuttara), 226; iii.112 (˚kāma, neg.); iv.125; v.130 sq.; A i.50 (anuttara); ii.40, 52 (a˚), 87, 247; iii.21, 294 sq., 353; D iii.123, 125, 164 (˚kāma); Vin ii.205=It 11 (˚atodhaŋsati, whereas Vin ˚ā padhaŋsati); It 9, 27 (abhabbo ˚ssa adhigamāya); Th 2, 6; Sn 79 (˚adhivāhana), 425; Dh 23 (anuttara, cp. DhA i.231); Ps i.39; ii.81; Vbh 247 (kulāni y -- kh -- kāmāni, which VbhA 341 expls: catūhi yogehi khemaŋ nibbhayaŋ icchanti); ThA 13. -- kkhemin finding one's rest, peace, or salvation; emancipated, free, an Arahant S iii.13 (accanta˚); iv.85; A ii.12; iv.310 (patta˚); v.326 (accanta˚); DhA iii.233, 234 (=sabba -- yoga -- visaŋyutta); neg. a˚ not finding one's salvation A ii.52 (in verse)=Ps ii.80; It 50. -- ññu knowing the (right) means Miln 169 sq. -- bahula strong in exertion A iii.432. -- yutta (Mārassa) one who is tied in the bonds (of Māra) A ii.52 (so read for ˚gutta; the verse also at Ps ii.80, 81, and It 50). -- vibhāga dividing (division) of the relation (in grammar: to yoga 2) SnA 266.

Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede,

yoga: 'yokes, bonds', is another name for the 4 cankers (āsava, q.v.).

Buddhist Dictionary, Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines, by NYANATILOKA MAHATHERA

yoga[yoga] yokes, bonds. The four cankers, namely, sensuous desire, desire for existence, false views, and ignorance are known as yoga-s as they yoke a human being to rebirth.

Aṭṭhasālinī. I. 142, 250. Aṅguttara Nikāya. Yoga. A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. VII. 265-266. Dīgha Nikāya. Dasuttara, Saṅgīti. Saṃyutta Nikāya. Ogha, Oghapañhā, Oghataraṇa, Yoga.

Buddhānusmṛti - A Glossary of Buddhist Terms

瑜伽 (1) A transliteration of the Sanskrit term yoga, indicating a condition of stilling of the mind and accordance with the principle of reality. (2) The Yogācāra school 瑜伽行派, Indian forerunner of the Chinese Faxiang 法相school of Buddhism.

Yoke. A synonym for defilement.

Sarvastivada Abhidharma, Sanskrit-English Glossary, by Bhikkhu KL Dhammajoti

ldan

[translation-san] {C} saṃyoga

[translation-san] {C} samprayukta

[translation-san] {C} yukta

[translation-san] {C} yoga

[translation-san] {upa √i} : {C,MSA}upeta

[translation-san] {MSA} upe

[translation-san] {C} saṃgata

[translation-san] {C} samanvita

[translation-san] {MSA} anvita

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} possessing; having; possessor; endowed with

[translation-eng] {C} endowed; possessed of; (causal) connection; endowed with; united in friendship; intent on; associated with; suitable; in possession of; joined to; devoted; junction with; devotion; junction; practice; conjunction; endeavor; occupation; undertaking; matter for joining

example

• [bod] blo gros dang ldan pa
• [eng] having intelligence

example

• [bod] nus pa dang ldan pa
• [eng] possessing the capacity

Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary

ldan pa

[translation-san] {C} saṃyukta

[translation-san] {MSA} pratisaṃyukta

[translation-san] {MSA} prayukta

[translation-san] {MSA} yoga

[translation-san] {C,MSA} samprayukta

[translation-san] {C} samprayoga

[translation-san] {MSA} yuta

[translation-san] {MSA} -mat

[translation-san] {C} upeta

[translation-san] {MSA} samupetatā

[translation-san] {C,MSA,MV} samanvāgata

[translation-san] {MSA} samanvāgama

[translation-san] {MSA} samanvita

[translation-san] {MSA} samudita

[translation-san] {MSA} anuga

[translation-san] {MSA} anugata

[translation-san] {MSA} anugatatva

[translation-san] {MSA} sahagata

[translation-san] {MSA} āḍhya

[translation-san] {MSA} upasaṃhita

[translation-san] {MSA} saṃhita

[translation-san] {MSA} mtshungs ldan pa = saṃprayukta

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} possessing; having; possessor; endowed with; conjunction; association

[translation-eng] {C} conjoined with; intent on; associated with; with; conjuction; exercise; endowed (with); possessed of; endowed with

example

• [bod] dang ldan pa
• [eng] having ...

Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary

gnas pa

[translation-san] {C,MV,MSA} sthāna {C}(=vyavasthāna)

[translation-san] {C} pratisthā

[translation-san] {C} avasthita

[translation-san] {C} avatiṣṭate

[translation-san] {C} tiṣṭhati

[translation-san] {C} pratyupatiṣṭhati

[translation-san] {C} -stha

[translation-san] {MV} stha

[translation-san] {C} pratiṣṭhate

[translation-san] {C,MSA} pratiṣṭhāna

[translation-san] {C} saṃsthiti

[translation-san] {C,MSA} sthita

[translation-san] {C,MSA,MV} sthiti

[translation-san] {C} sthānatā (=vyavasthāna)

[translation-san] {MSA} pratypasthāyin

[translation-san] {C} sthitasya-anyathātva

[translation-san] {MSA} avasthatva

[translation-san] {C} āśraya

[translation-san] {MV,C} āśrita

[translation-san] {C} niśrita

[translation-san] {C} niśrayu

[translation-san] {C} ālaya

[translation-san] {C} ādhāra

[translation-san] {C} līna (=abhiniviṣṭa)

[translation-san] {C,MSA} vāsa

[translation-san] {C} saṃvasati (sārddhaṃ)

[translation-san] {C} saṃvāsa

[translation-san] {C} adhyāvasati

[translation-san] {C,MSA} vihāra {C}(=yoga)

[translation-san] {MSA} viharaṇa

[translation-san] {MSA} vihārin

[translation-san] {MSA} vihāritva

[translation-san] {C} saṃsarga

[translation-san] {C} vartate

[translation-san] {MSA} vṛtti

[translation-san] {MV} sanniveśa

[translation-san] {C} saṃniveśa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} abide; dwell; source; state; situation; remain; last; stay; place; abode; topic; object; retention

[translation-eng] {C} stands still; take one's stand; establish; abide in; established; engaged in; abiding; to hang on to; settling place; stands; abides; stand up; firmly grounded in; have set out; firm grounding; firm foundation; to be supported; support; establishing oneself; set up; one who stands firm; one who stands on; establishment; what can be; (as is) stationed; standing place; a place to stand on; situation; standpoint; section; stand; station; conditon; subsistence; taking one's stand; place to rest on; supported; in dependence on; leans on; based on; inhabiting; dwell on in mind; slack; slouch; cowed; sluggishness; dwelling; residing; houses; become intimate with; become partial to; intimacy; close contact with; commerce with; proceeds; alteration of what is established; home; support (e.g.: na sthānaṃ vidyate, it is quite impossible; nedaṃ sthānaṃ vidyate, that is impossible; naitat sthānaṃ vidyate, that is impossible); {D2}abiding

Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary