巴利語 attha garu-dhammā。又作八敬法、八重法、八尊重法、八尊師法、八不可越法、八不可違法、八不可過法,單稱八敬。即比丘尼尊重恭敬比丘之八種法。如來成道後十四年,姨母摩訶波闍波提等五百女人要求出家,佛不允許,蓋以正法千年,若度女人,則減五百。阿難代為三請,佛即制定八敬法,使向彼說,若能遵守,則聽彼等出家,摩訶波闍波提等頂戴信受,遂得戒,由得戒之十緣而正法亦復千載。此八法為:(一)尼百歲禮初夏比丘足,雖百歲之比丘尼,見新受戒之比丘,亦應起而迎逆禮拜,與敷淨座而請坐。(二)不得罵謗比丘,比丘尼不得罵謗比丘。(三)不得舉比丘過,比丘尼不得舉比丘之罪,說其過失,比丘得說尼之過。(四)從僧受具足戒,式叉摩那(學法女)學戒畢,應從眾僧求受大戒。(五)有過從僧懺,比丘尼犯僧殘罪,應於半月內於二部僧中行摩那埵。(六)半月從僧教誡,比丘尼應於半月中從僧求乞教授。(七)依僧三月安居,比丘尼不應於無比丘處夏安居。(八)夏訖從僧自恣,比丘尼夏安居畢,應於比丘僧中求三事以自恣懺悔。〔中阿含卷二十八瞿曇彌經、四分律卷四十八、善見律毘婆沙卷十八〕
The eight commands given by the Buddha to his foster-mother, i.e. aunt, when she was admitted to the order, and which remain as commands to nuns: (1) even though a hundred years old a nun must pay respect to a monk, however young, and offer her seat to him; (2) must never scold a monk; (3) never accuse, or speak of his misdeeds; but a monk may speak of hers; (4) at his hands obtain reception into the order; (5) confess sin (sexual or other) before the assembly of monks and nuns; (6) ask the fraternity for a monk as preceptor; (7) never share the same summer resort with monks; (8) after the summer retreat she must report and ask for a responsible confessor. Also 八敬法; 八不可越法 (or 八不可過法) ; 八尊重法; v. 四分律 48.
八敬戒──尼八敬戒===﹝出翻譯名義引會正記﹞ 中本起經云:佛成道後,姨母大愛道,求出家學道,佛不許。阿難白佛:願聽出家。佛言:止,止,無使女人入我法中為沙門也。譬如族姓之家,多女少男,即知其家衰弱,不得強盛。阿難再請,佛乃說八敬法,若能依此,聽許出家。大愛道頂戴信受,遂度為尼。(梵語阿難,華言慶喜。梵語沙門,華言勤息。梵語尼,華言女。)
〔一、尼百歲禮初夏比丘足〕,梵語比丘,華言乞士。謂比丘尼壽雖百歲,若見初受戒比丘纔經一夏者,即當禮拜於足下也。
〔二、不得罵謗比丘〕,謂比丘尼當恭敬比丘,不得妄加罵詈謗毀也。
〔三、不得舉比丘過〕,謂比丘有過,比丘尼不得舉。比丘尼若有過,聽比丘舉,當自省察也。
〔四、從僧受具戒〕,謂比丘尼奉持具足禁戒,應從大德比丘處求受也。
〔五、有過從僧懺〕,謂比丘尼有過失,應在比丘眾中懺悔自首,以除憍慢之心也。
〔六、半月從僧教誡〕,謂比丘尼每月當二次,於大德比丘處求教誡法,以自策進道業也。
〔七、依僧三月安居〕,謂比丘尼結夏三月禁足安居,當與比丘同處,朝夕諮問法義,增益見聞,以自修習也。
〔八、夏訖從僧自恣〕,自,即自陳己過。恣,即恣他舉罪。謂從四月十五日安居至七月十五日夏竟,應從比丘眾中行自恣法,有過則對眾懺悔也。