Four kinds of rebirth dependent on present deeds: from obscurity and poverty to be reborn in the same condition; from obscurity and poverty to be reborn in light and honour; from light and honour to be reborn in obscurity and poverty; from light and honour to be reborn in the heavens.
四種死生===﹝出雜阿含經﹞
波斯匿王白佛言:云何為婆羅門死還生婆羅門家,及剎帝利、毗舍、首陀家耶?佛言:當知死生,有四種不同。(梵語波斯匿,華言勝軍。梵語婆羅門,華言淨行。梵語剎帝利,華言王種。梵語毗舍,華言商賈。梵語首陀,華言農人。)
〔一、從冥入冥〕,冥即暗也。謂世人生卑賤家,或旃陀羅家,及餘種種下賤之家,貧窮活命,形體憔悴,而復作卑賤之業,名之為冥。處此冥中,復行身口意惡業,死墮惡趣,是為從冥入冥。(梵語旃陀羅,華言屠者。惡趣即餓鬼、畜生、地獄也。)
〔二、從冥入明〕,謂世人生卑賤家,乃至作諸鄙惡之業,名之為冥。於此冥中,能行身口意善業,身壞命終,生於人天,是為從冥入明。
〔三、從明入冥〕,謂世人生富貴家,若剎帝利、婆羅門、長者家,受身端正,多財多智,名之為明。於此明中,行身口意惡業,身壞命終,當生惡趣,受無量苦,是為從明入冥。
〔四、從明入明〕,謂世人生富貴家,乃至形相端嚴,名之為明。於此明中,行身口意善業,勤修福德,身壞命終,天上受生,是為從明入明。
四種死生===(名數)佛嘗就人之死次受生,對波斯匿王之問說四種之死生。一從冥入冥,世人生於卑賤之家,旃陀羅之家,及種種下賤之家,貧窮活命,形體憔悴,作卑賤之業,名為冥。處此冥中,復於身口意行惡業,死而墮於惡趣也。二從冥入明,處前述之冥中,於身口意行善業,身壞命終,而生於人天也。三從明入冥,生富貴之家或剎帝利婆羅門長者之家,受身端正,多財多智,是為明。於此明中身口意行惡業,命終之後,生於惡趣,受無量之苦也。四從明入明,於明中身口意行善業,勤修福德,而生於天上也。此說出雜阿含經。