The four kinds of examination, a method of repentance as a way to get rid of any sin: study the cause of the sin, which lies in ignorance, or lack of clear understanding, e. g. moth and fame; study its inevitable effect, its karma; study oneself, introspection; and study the Tathāgata in his perfect character, and saving power.
觀因緣、觀果報、觀自身、觀如來身。這是修行懺悔的人,為了滅除自己的罪業,方便而修的四種觀行。
四種觀行===﹝出慈悲水懺
謂修行懺悔者,自念煩惱深厚,覆蓋慧眼,令無所見,斷除眾善,不能出離苦果。今既發露眾惡,投誠懺悔,須作四種觀行,為滅罪之方便也。
〔一、觀因緣〕,謂修行懺悔者,當觀我之此罪,由無明所覆,無正觀力,不識其過;遠離善友,隨逐魔行,如蛾赴火,自燒自爛,以是因緣,不能自出,是為觀因緣。
〔二、觀果報〕,謂修行懺悔者,當觀所有諸惡不善之業,三世輪轉,苦果無窮,淪溺生死大海,冥然無涯,如抱石沉淵,求出應難,是為觀果報。(三世者,過去、現在、未來也。)
〔三、觀自身〕,謂修行懺悔者,當觀自身,雖有正因靈覺之性,而為煩惱黑闇之所覆蔽,無了因力,不能得顯,是為觀自身。(正因者,即本有正性也。了因者,即解了諸法也。)
〔四、觀如來身〕,謂修行懺悔者,當觀如來之身,眾德具足,湛然常住,雖復方便入於滅度,而慈悲拔救眾生之心,未曾暫捨。常如是觀,乃滅罪之良津,除障之要行,是為觀如來身。(滅度者,謂大患永滅,超度三界也。)
四種觀行===(名數)此乃懺悔者,為滅罪方便,而修之四種觀行也。一觀因緣,其罪為無明所覆,無正觀之力,不知罪過,遠離善友,隨逐魔行,如蛾赴火,不知自燒等,觀為罪之因緣也。二觀果報,所有諸惡不善業之業,三世輪轉之苦果,了無窮極,淪溺於生死大海,冥然無涯,如抱石沈淵,遂難出脫,觀為罪之果也。三觀自身,觀自身之正因,雖有靈覺之性,而為煩惱黑闇所覆蔽,無了解諸法之力,故不得顯也。四觀如來身,觀如來之身,眾德具足,湛然常住,復以方便入於滅度,然慈悲拔救眾生之心,無時或捨也。見慈悲水籤。