法輪 The wheel of the dharma; the wheel of the law. The term translated as "wheel"--cakra, was a kind of weapon in ancient India. Therefore, the dharma-cakra is a weapon that overcomes the mistaken belief of non-Buddhists--the teachings of the Buddha.
dharmacakra, the Wheel of the Law, Buddha-truth which is able to crush all evil and all opposition, like Indra's wheel, and which rolls on from man to man, place to place, age to age. 轉法輪To turn, or roll along the Law-wheel, i.e. to preach Buddha-truth.
1.(喻)佛所說之法,能夠輾碎眾生的一切煩惱,好像巨輪能夠輾碎一切的巖石和沙礫一樣。
2.佛所說之法,輾轉傳人,好像車輪的旋轉,無遠弗屆。
梵語 dharmacakra,巴利語 dhammacakka。為對於佛法之喻稱。以輪比喻佛法,其義有三:(一)催破之義,因佛法能摧破眾生之罪惡,猶如轉輪聖王之輪寶,能輾摧山岳巖石,故喻之為法輪。(二)輾轉之義,因佛之說法不停滯於一人一處,猶如車輪輾轉不停,故稱法輪。(三)圓滿之義,因佛所說之教法圓滿無缺,故以輪之圓滿喻之,而稱法輪。大智度論卷二十五(大二五‧二四五上):「佛轉法輪,一切世間天及人中無礙無遮。(中略)遇佛法輪,一切煩惱毒皆滅。(中略)一切邪見、疑悔、災害皆悉消滅。」
法輪又作梵輪,諸經論對於此一異稱舉出各種理由,賅括之,有下列數種說法:(一)梵,即清淨之義,而佛之說法清淨。(二)謂佛是大梵,以梵音演說法。(三)謂佛陀初成道時,梵天來勸請轉法輪。(四)謂佛以慈、悲、喜、捨四梵行心(四無量心)宣說大法。(五)古代印度世人貴梵天,為隨順世人,故而稱梵輪。然亦有謂法輪、梵輪二者相異,以梵輪為教示慈、悲、喜、捨四無量心及四禪定法之禪定聖道;法輪為教示苦、集、滅、道四聖諦及修持三十七道品之智慧聖道。
關於法輪之自性,諸部說法各異。其中,說一切有部、多聞部、經量部等十部,主張以八正道為法輪之體;而大眾部、法藏部、飲光部等十部,則以佛語為法輪之體。其說見於大毘婆沙論卷一八二、卷一八三、俱舍論卷二十四、大乘法苑義林章卷一本總料簡章、北本大般涅槃經卷十四等。華嚴經探玄記卷三復依五教說法之淺深,而論法輪之體性不同,謂小乘教以八正道為法輪之體,初教以無分別智為法輪之體,終教以真理為法輪之體,頓教以理智俱泯、言亡慮絕為法輪之體,圓教則以無盡法門為法輪之體。
此外,法輪一詞,古來每用於判教之時,而有三法輪、三轉法輪等名稱。〔大智度論卷八、雜阿毘曇心論卷十〕(參閱「象徵」5273、「轉法輪」6619)
dharma-cakra; cakra, cakra-vara, dharmamayam…cakram, netrī, śāsana
大毗婆沙論一百八十二卷一頁云:云何法輪?乃至廣說。問:何故作此論?答:為欲分別契經義故。如契經說:世尊轉法輪。諸餘世間沙門婆羅門天魔梵等,皆無有能如法轉者。契經雖作是說;而不分別。云何法輪?齊何當言轉法輪?契經是此論所依根本。彼所不說者,今應說之。故作斯論。云何法輪?答:八支聖道。若兼相應隨轉;則五蘊性。此是法輪自性是我是物是相是性是本性。已說自性;所以今當說。問:何故名法輪?答:此輪、是法所成,法為自性;故名法輪。如世間輪,金等所成,金等為性;名金等輪。此亦如是。有說:此輪、於諸法性,能揀擇,極揀擇;能覺悟,極覺悟;現觀,作證;故名法輪。有說:此輪、能淨聖慧法眼;故名法輪。有說:此輪、能治非法輪,故名法輪。非法輪者:謂佈刺拏等六師所轉八邪支輪。問:何故名輪?輪是何義?答:動轉不住義,是輪義。捨此趣彼義,是輪義。能伏怨敵義,是輪義。由斯等義,故名為輪。又云:問:何故惟說見道名法輪;非餘耶?答:前說動轉不住義是輪義。見道、是速疾道,不起期心道。於動轉不住,最為隨順。故獨名法輪。有說:前說捨此趣彼義是輪義。見道中、捨苦現觀,趣集現觀。乃至捨滅現觀,趣道現觀。是故見道,獨名法輪。有說:以四事故,名輪。一、捨此,二、趣彼,三、未降伏者、降伏,四、已降伏者、守護。見道中亦爾。捨此者、捨苦現觀。趣彼者、趣集現觀。未降伏者降伏、即集現觀。已降伏者守護,即苦現觀。乃至滅道,說亦如是。故名法輪。有說:迴轉義是輪義。猶如車輪,週旋迴轉;如是見道,忍智循環。謂忍後、智現前;智後、忍復現前。法品、類品、循環亦爾。故名法輪。有說:上下義、是輪義。猶如車輪,或上或下;如是見道緣境上下。謂緣欲界已;即緣有頂。緣有頂已;復緣欲界。對治上下,說亦如是。故名法輪。有說:見道猶如輻轂輞法,故說為輪。猶如車輪,轂最居中,輻依轂住,輞攝於輻;如是見道,苦集忍智如輻。滅忍滅智如轂。道忍道智如輞。遍緣道故。或有說者,苦集滅忍智、如輻。三諦如轂。道諦如輞。或有說者,三諦忍智、如輻。道忍、道智、如輞。四諦如轂。或有說者,正見、正思惟、正勤、如輻。正語業命、如轂。正念、正定、如輞。或有說者,正思惟、正勤、正念、正定、如輻。正語業命、如轂。正見、如輞。或有說者,惟正定如輞。餘如前說。有說:降伏四方義、是輪義。如轉輪王所有輪寶,降伏四洲所有怨敵;如是行者,以見道輪、降伏四諦所有煩惱。故名法輪。有說:見所斷煩惱,名非法輪。能起八邪支故。見道是彼近對治故;說名法輪。尊者妙音說曰:學八支道,展轉和合,一時至他相續中轉;故名法輪。此八支道,見道位勝。是故見道獨名法輪。##二解 如沙門性異名中說。
Dharma-wheel 法輪 【參照: Wheel of Law】
法輪 (fǎ lún) ( “the Dharma-wheel” ) Cf. 無上法輪(wú shàng fǎ lún), 經輪(jīng lún) ;
{《漢語大詞典》5.1047a(四十二章經)} ; {《大漢和辞典》6.1053d(維摩經)} ;
Dharmarakṣa: {63a14} 菩薩八萬……常讚歎不退轉法輪(p)
{K.2.12} -dharma-cakra-
Kumārajīva: {L.2a4} 法輪
Dharmarakṣa: {72c7}
{K.56.11} do.
Kumārajīva: {L.10a6} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {75a8}
{K.69.15} do.
Kumārajīva: {L.12a18} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {89c5} 諸佛……普見知黎庶 心本所好樂 則爲轉法輪 最勝無等倫(v)
{K.163.4} cakra-
Kumārajīva: {L.23a10} 輪
Dharmarakṣa: {90a20} 願轉法輪,演大聖典(p)
{K.166.12} dharma-cakra~ (O etc. dharma~)
Kumārajīva: {L.23b18} 法輪
Dharmarakṣa: {90c2} 梵天之衆勸發世尊願轉法輪(p)
{K.170.7} dharma-cakra~
Kumārajīva: {L.23c25} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {90c5} 最上大人 願轉法輪 惟講經典 爲十方人(v)
{K.170.14} cakra-vara~
Kumārajīva: {L.23c27} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {91a12} 時諸梵天勸請世尊:“惟轉法輪分別經典…”(p)
{K.173.9} dharma-cakra~
Kumārajīva: {L.24b2} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {91a17}
{K.174.1} dharmamayaṃ ca cakram
Kumārajīva: {L.24b5} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {91b21}
{K.178.3} dharma-cakra~
Kumārajīva: {L.24c24} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {91c2}
{K.179.1} dharmacakra~
Kumārajīva: {L.25a2} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {93a27}
{K.191.3} cakra-
Kumārajīva: {L.26b15} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {93b5}
{K.191.9} cakra~
Kumārajīva: {L.26b18} do.
Dharmarakṣa: {110a27}
{K.294.14-}
Kumārajīva: {not found at L.39c5}