真諦 (1) The absolute truth, holy truth. Reality as perceived by enlightened people (paramārtha-satya). See 勝義諦. (2) Paramārtha (499-569), also read Shindai in Japanese. A scholar-monk of brahman background from Ujayinī in the Avanti region of Western India, who become one of the "four great translators" in Chinese Buddhist history. After traveling throughout India, he came to Guangzhou by sea route in 546. In response to the request of the emperor Wu of Liang 梁武帝 (r. 502-549) of the southern court, he came to Jiankang 建康 where he undertook the translation of Buddhist texts as a way of bringing peace to a land long torn by military struggles. Among the 64 works in the 278 fascicles that he translated, were such influential scriptural texts as the Suvarna-prabhāsa-(uttama)-sūtra 金光明經, the Mahāyāna-saṃgraha 攝大乘論 and the Madhyānta-vibhāga 中邊分別論. He is also attributed with the translation of the Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith 大乘起信論, but there is some doubt about this. His work on the Mahāyāna-saṃgraha would cause that text to become very influential as an arbiter of the Mahāyāna/Hīnayāna discussion, such that Paramārtha would eventually come to be regarded as the founder of the Mahāyāna-saṃgraha school 攝論宗.
二諦之一，又名勝義諦、第一義諦，即聖智所見的真實理性，亦即內證的離言法性。聖智所見的真實理性，離諸虛妄，故云真，其理永恒不變，故云諦。
(一)二諦之一，三諦之一。指真實不妄之義理。如謂世間法為俗諦，出世間法為真諦。（參閱「二諦」244）
(二)（499～569）五、六世紀間之著名譯經僧。梵名 Paramārtha。 音譯作波羅末他、波羅末陀。又稱拘羅那陀（梵 Kulanātha）。西北印度優禪尼（梵 Ujjainī）人，婆羅門種，姓頗羅墮（梵 Bhārata）。聰敏強記，辯才不竭。少遊諸國，歷事諸師，精研四韋六論，貫練三藏五部，究明大乘之妙理。南朝梁代中大同元年（546）攜經典抵中國南海。太清二年（548）入建業（南京）謁武帝，時值侯景之亂，遂潛行南歸，輾轉遊歷今蘇、浙、贛、閩、廣州等地，而所至譯經不輟，每亦撰疏闡釋經論理趣。陳太建元年示寂，世壽七十一。自梁武帝末至陳太建元年，共譯經論紀傳六十四部二七八卷，今僅存三十部，大多為佛教研究之重要典籍。與鳩摩羅什、玄奘、義淨同稱四大翻譯家。其翻譯之方法與學識，為我國佛教傳譯史上之泰斗。主要譯作除轉識論、大乘唯識論等唯識論典外，另有金光明經、攝大乘論、攝大乘論釋、律二十二明了論、中邊分別論、十七地論（此書乃瑜伽師地論之別出本）、俱舍論釋、大乘起信論等。其中以攝大乘論、攝大乘論釋影響最大，此二論乃南朝攝論學派之主要理論根據，真諦亦因之被尊為攝論宗之祖。〔續高僧傳卷一、攝大乘論序、大唐內典錄卷四、卷五〕
真理、真實。
真諦者，彰一性本實之理也。所謂實際理地，不受一塵，是非雙泯，能所俱亡，指萬象為真如，會三乘歸實際也。（三乘者，聲聞乘、緣覺乘、菩薩乘也。）
真即真空，泯一切法之謂也。蓋諸法本空，眾生不了，執之為實，而生妄見。若以空觀蕩之，則謂實之情自忘；情忘即能離於諸相，諸相若離，則真空之理自然諦了，故名真諦。
【梵】paramārthaḥ
【滿】unenggi jurgan
【蒙】ünemlekhüi
【漢】真諦
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