結集 [py] jiéjí [wg] chieh-chi [ko] 결집 kyŏljip [ja] ケツジュウ ketsujū ||| A Buddhist council which is held to settle questions of orthodoxy (Skt. saṃgīti; Pali saṃgīti), also expressed in Chinese as 作集法, 集法藏, 結經, and 經典結集. There are three major categories: (1) The councils of early Indian ("Lesser Vehicle") Buddhism 小乘經結集; (2) The councils of Mahāyāna Buddhism 大乘經結集; and (3) The Councils of Esoteric Buddhism 秘密經結集. Within the first category, the Buddhist tradition records four: The First Council 第一結集 at Rājagṛha, the Second Council 第二結集 at Vaiśālī, the Third Council 第三結集 at Pāṭaliputra, and the Fourth Council 第四結集, held in Kaśmīra.
佛滅後，五百大阿羅漢相聚一處，將佛過去所說的法，結合集成為佛教的三藏經典。
The collection and fixing of the Buddhist canon; especially the first assembly which gathered to recite the scriptures, Saṅgīti. Six assemblies for creation or revision of the canon are named, the first at the Pippala cave at Rājagṛha under Ajātaśatru, the second at Vaiśālī, the third at Pāṭaliputra under Aśoka, the fourth in Kashmir under Kaniṣka, the fifth at the Vulture Peak for the Mahāyāna, and the sixth for the esoteric canon. The first is sometimes divided into two, that of those within 'the cave', and that of those without, i.e. the intimate disciples, and the greater assembly without; the accounts are conflicting and unreliable. The notable three disciples to whom the first reciting is attributed are Kāśyapa, as presiding elder, Ānanda for the Sūtras and the Abhidharma, and Upāli for the Vinaya; others attribute the Abhidharma to Pūrṇa, or Kāśyapa; but, granted the premises, whatever form their work may have taken, it cannot have been that of the existing Tripiṭaka. The fifth and sixth assemblies are certainly imaginary.
saṃgīti; naya-saṃgīti, piṇdī-√kṛ, racanā, saṃhita, samagra, samāja, samāyukta
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