Dictionary Definition ：
Definition[1]
：
痛苦的原因。
Source
：
陳義孝編, 竺摩法師鑑定, 《佛學常見辭彙》
Definition[2]
：
苦因 [py] kŭyīn [wg] k'u-yin [ko] 고인 koin [ja] クイン kuin ||| Causes of suffering; those activities which bring about painful results; insufficient awareness of the law of cause and effect.
Page
：
[Dictionary References] Naka265d [Credit] cmuller(entry)
Definition[3]
：
The cause of pain.
Source
：
A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous
Definition[4]
：
duḥkha-hetu, duḥkha-vedanā-hetu, duḥkha-nimitta.
Source
：
佛教漢梵大辭典, 平川彰 Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary, Akira Hirakawa
Page
：
P.3132-P.3133
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