(一)止善與行善。(一)止善,乃避作惡,遠離犯罪之善。(二)行善,為修善根,積極行業之善。〔菩薩戒經義疏卷上、法界次第初門卷上〕
(二)定善與散善。(一)息慮凝心,觀淨土之依正二報,稱為定善,即以禪定心修習之善業。(二)策身口意以廢惡修善,稱為散善,乃散心所修之善業。唐代善導以觀經一部所明十六想觀之行,攝於此定、散二善,以前十三觀為定善,後三觀為散善。〔觀無量壽佛經疏卷一玄義分〕
(三)未生善與已生善。(一)未生善,乃未曾修習戒、定、慧等諸善法者。(二)已生善,為已曾修習者。〔大智度論卷四十八〕
(四)事善與理善。滅事惡為淺近之善稱事善,滅理惑為深妙之善稱理善。如藏教為界內之事善,通教為界內之理善。別教為界外之事善,圓教為界外之理善,是皆以深淺相對而分事理。〔法華玄義卷五上〕
The two good things, 定善 the good character that arises from meditation or contemplation mdash especially of the Pure Land; 散善 the good character attainable when, though not in meditation, one controls oneself in thought, word, and deed;. Also 未生善 the good character not yet evolved; and 已生善 the good character already evolved;. Also 事理善 goodness in theory and practice.
二善===﹝出大智度論﹞
〔一、未生善〕,謂戒定慧等諸善之法,未曾修習,是名未生善。善若未生,當勤修習,令其得生也。
〔二、已生善〕,謂戒定慧等諸善之法,已曾修習,名已生善。善若已生,當勤修習,令其增長也。