DICTIONARY

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Definition[1]

[py] yīn [wg] yin [ko] 인 in [ja] イン in ||| (1) Depend upon, rely on, need, request. (2) According to, depending upon, if; in that case, then, there. (3) A cause; a condition, relationship. (4) A reason; a basis. [Buddhism] (1) Cause (hetu, kārana, bījatva). That which produces a result. Cause, seed, origin, element, root. In Sarvāstivādin teachings cause is divided into six kinds; see 六因. (2) As opposed to "condition(s)" 縁, the term refers to the primary, or most intimately related cause of an effect. (3) Again, in relation to "conditions" there are "causes and conditions," but in this case, "cause" refers to a more internal and direct cause, whīe "condition" refers to external, auxiliary, and indirect causes. (4) An abbreviation of yeyin 業因, 'karma-cause'; a good or evil act as the cause of a good or evil effect. (5) One of the '16 manners of practice' 十六行相. (6) To face or meet. (7) In Indian Logic (因明hetu-vidyā), a cause or a reason in a syllogism (hetu). (8) Religious practice. The practice of the bodhisattva based on his arousal of the mind of compassion. (9) The period of bodhisattva practice (which is the "cause" of buddhahood). (10) One of the ten such-likes taught in the Lotus Sutra. See 十如是.

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[Dictionary References] Naka69b ZGD54c JE128a/140 FKS2269 DFB [Credit] cmuller(entry) cwittern(py)
Definition[2]

hetu: a cause: because: a reason: to follow, it follows, that which produces a result or effect. is a primary cause in comparison with pratyaya which is an environmental or secondary cause. In the 十因十果 ten causes and ten effects, adultery results in the iron bed, the copper pillar, and the eight hot hells; covetousness in the cold hells; and so on, as shown in the 楞嚴經. Translit. in, yin. Cf. .

Source
A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous
Definition[3]

梵語 hetu。(一)指能引生結果之原因。從狹義而言,引生結果的直接內在原因,稱為因(內因),而由外來相助的間接外在原因,則稱為緣(外緣)。然從廣義而言,凡參與造果之因素,包括使事物得以生存與變化之一切條件,皆稱為因。由此可知,廣義之因,係包含內因與外緣二者。
 關於因之種類,有二因、五因、六因、十因等數種,茲略述於下:
 (一) 二因:有能生因與方便因、正因與了因、正因與緣因、習因(又作同類因)與報因(又作異熟因)、引因(又作牽引因,於遙遠之末來世,間接引生果報之業種子)與生因(又作生起因,於不久之未來世,直接引生果報之業種子)、通因(為許多果報所共通之因)與別因(僅為一個果報之特別因)等種類。
 (二)五因:即生、依、立、持、養等。若以能造之四大種(地、水、火、風)為因,所造之色為果時,四大種對所造色而言,即有五因之意義。例如,生因,係指四大為產生所造色之因;依因,係指四大成為所造色之依憑;立因,係指四大為保持所造色之因;持因,係指四大為持續所造色之因;養因,則指四大為養育所造色之因。上述係大毘婆沙論卷一一一、俱舍論卷七等所舉。另北本大般涅槃經卷二十一,將一切因分為生因、和合因、住因、增長因、遠因等五種。
 (三)有部宗認為,因有六種:(1)能作因,即除自體之外,其餘一切有為、無為之諸法,能成為自體之生因者,皆稱為能作因。可分為有力能作因、無力能作因二種。(2)俱有因,即同時存在之俱有法,相互為因之義。又分為互為果俱有因、同一果俱有因二種。(3)同類因,同類之法連續產生時,前法即為後法之同類因。(4)相應因,於俱有因之中,屬於心與心所間之相互關係者,即為相應因。(5)遍行因,於同類因之中,作用力強盛之煩惱(即遍行惑),能遍行於一切染污法,故稱為遍行因。(6)異熟因,即惡業及有漏之善業為因,招感無記之果報時,稱為異熟因。此外,另有當有因、相續因、相因、能作因、顯了因、待因等六因之說。
 (四)唯識宗所立之十因:(1)隨說因,語言(能說)乃表明事物(所說)之因,故語言即為隨說因。(2)觀待因,又稱以有因。觀待,意指相對性、條件性。相對於某物而言,能引起其一定之要求或受用之條件,此條件即為觀待因,如饑餓為飲食之觀待因,手為執物之觀待因,足為往來之觀待因。(3)牽引因,種子為能於遙遠之未來,引生自果之因,故稱牽引因。(4)攝受因,即種子以外之一切緣,能相互攝受而起果,故稱為攝受因。(5)生起因,種子為於不久之未來,引生自果之因,故稱生起因。(6)引發因,種子起現行時,能夠引生同類之勝果,故稱引發因。(7)定別因,一切有為法,能夠引生自果,而互不雜亂,稱為定別因。(8)同事因,因果和合為一者,稱為同事因。(9)相違因,即於法生成時,產生障礙者,稱為相違因。(10)不相違因,即於法生成時,不產生障礙者,稱為不相違因。
 此外,佛性論卷二,舉出應得、加行、圓滿等三因佛性。又金光明經玄義卷上、四教義卷六,亦舉出正因、了因、緣因等三因佛性。又法華經、智印經等,舉出七因、十一因等說。另優婆塞戒經卷一,則舉有十二因之說。除上述外,尚有十習因之說,係指因沈迷不悟,而於來世生於地獄之十種惡業。
 蓋一切萬法皆由因緣而起,有因則必有果,如以米麥為例,米麥之種子為因,而雨露、陽光、土壤、人力等為緣,如此則能產生米麥之果實。此種因果之間相應相酬的思想,乃佛教用來說明世界一切事物的關係之基本理論。〔北本大般涅槃經卷二十八、卷二十九、阿毘達磨發智論卷一、大毘婆沙論卷十六、俱舍論卷六、大智度論卷三十二、瑜伽師地論卷五、卷三十八、顯揚聖教論卷十八、成唯識論卷二、卷八〕
 (二)因明用語。指成立宗(命題)之理由、根據。為古因明五支作法之一,新因明三支作法之一。即因明對論中,立論者就自己之主張所立之理由,以作為令對方承認之論證根據。分為「正因」與「似因」二種。凡具備三相(遍是宗法性、同品定有性、異品遍無性)之因,稱為正因,即正確可靠之理由與根據。不具備三相之因,則稱似因,即錯誤或似是而非之理由與根據。似因又分為不成、不定、相違三類。〔因明入正理論、因明入正理論疏卷上、因明入正理論明燈抄卷一末〕(參閱「不成因」971、「不定因」973、「因三相」2271、「因明」2276、「相違」3910)

Source
佛光電子大辭典
Page
p2269
Definition[4]

因===分別緣起初勝法門經十二頁云:諸能引發後生種子,是其因義。

 
二解 分別緣起初勝法門經二十一頁云:云何第一名因行相?謂於能植眾苦種子因緣愛中,正觀行相。
 
三解 瑜伽五卷十二頁云:順益義,是因義。
 
四解 瑜伽九十五卷十頁云:又即此愛,集諦攝故;說名為因。
 
五解 如四行了集諦相中說。
 
六解 因明入正理論云:因有三相。何等為三?謂遍是宗法性,同品定有性,異品遍無性。云何名為同品異品?謂所立法,均等義品;說名同品。如立無常,瓶等無常;是名同品。異品者:謂於是處、無其所立。若有是常;見非所作。如虛空等。此中所作性,或勤勇無間所發性,遍是宗法性;於同品定有,於異品遍無;是無常等因。如疏二卷十六頁釋。
Source
朱芾煌《法相辭典》字庫
Definition[5]

hetu, kāraṇa, nimitta, upādāna, pratītya, upādāya; adhikāra, apekṣya, abhiniṣyanda, ākṣepa, āgamya, ārambaṇa, āśrita, upakrama, upaniṣad, upaniṣad-bhāva, upāya, kāraṇatas, kāraṇatva, kāraṇa-pratyaya-hetuka, kāraṇa-bhāva, kāraṇa-bhūta, nidāna, nimittatva, nimitta-bhūta, paryāya, pratyaya, pratyaya-bhāva, -pravartita, prasaṅga, plotika, phalasyārthaḥ, bīja, bījatva, -māna(pr.p.), mūla, mūla-hetu, yoga, -vaśāt, -vaśena, vīja, samāśrita, samutthāna, samudācāra, saṃbhava, sahetuka, sādhana, sādhāraṇatva, hetuka, hetukatva, hetu-kāraṇa, hetutā, hetutva, hetu-dāyikā, hetu-bhāva, hetu-bhūta, hetumattva, hetoḥ, hetv-artha.

Source
佛教漢梵大辭典, 平川彰 Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary, Akira Hirakawa
Page
p 623-625
Definition[6]

【梵】hetuḥ
【滿】acabun
【蒙】shiltagan
【漢】因

Source
Pentaglot Dictionary of Buddhist Terms
Definition[7]

 

===(術語)因明三支作法之一。謂推斷未決之宗義之理由也。例如某為中國人(宗),為南京人故(因),之論式中,某為中國人者,未決之宗義也。然依為南京人之理由,推斷此未決之宗義,於是生斷定某為中國人之結果矣。【又】造果者。即原因也。婆娑論百二十七曰:「造是因義。」大乘義章二曰:「親生義,目之為因。」二因,三因,五因,六因,各【參見: 本】

Source
丁福保《佛學大辭典》
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