大梵天 Also written simply as 梵天. Mahābrahman, which is the third of the three heavens contained in the first dhyāna heaven 初禪天 in the form realm. Listed as one of the seventeen meditation heavens of the form realm 色界十七天.
梵名 Mahābrahmā-deva,巴利名同。位於色界初禪天之第三天。又稱梵天王、梵天、梵王、大梵、梵童子(梵 Brahmā sanajkumāra)、世主天、娑婆世界主(梵 Brahmā sahājpati)。音譯作摩訶梵、梵摩三鉢。大梵天以自主獨存,謂己為眾生之父,乃自然而有,無人能造之,後世一切眾生皆其化生;並謂已盡知諸典義理,統領大千世界,以最富貴尊豪自居。大梵天為梵書時代以來之神格,爾後婆羅門即以大梵天為最尊崇之主神。
蓋於印度梨俱吠陀時代之末期,以祈禱主神(梵 Brahmanas-pati)為至上神,並視之為宇宙生成之原理。至梵書時代之初,則以生主神(梵 Prajāpati)為最高神。未久,興起梵之崇拜,係由祈禱主神所進化之神格。初時,梵天為生主神之子,其後漸次得勢,遂取代生主神之地位,成為創造世界之原理。至奧義書時代,大梵天具有實有(梵 satya)、知(梵 jñāna)、妙樂(梵 ānanda)等三種性質,而為唯一常住獨存之絕對原理,此一絕對原理與個人我(梵 ātman)結合,產生「梵我一如」之說,此乃奧義書之中心思想。至摩訶婆羅多(梵 Mahābhārata)時代,由於「一體三分」(梵 trimūrti)思想之興起,遂以梵天(梵 Brahmā)與毘濕笯(梵 Visnu)、濕婆(梵 Śiva)二神為同體,其初,梵天位居三尊之首,後則漸居下風。
於佛教所倡三界之說中,將此等外道之諸天配列於欲、色二界,梵界即位處色界之初禪天,通常有三處與四處之別。三處即大智度論卷九、大毘婆沙論卷九十八等所說之「梵眾天、梵輔天、大梵天」;四處則如長阿含經卷二十忉利天品所載之「梵身天、梵輔天、梵眾天、大梵天」,三處與四處均總稱為梵天。
據大毘婆沙論卷九十八載,大梵天身長為一踰繕那(由旬)半,壽量為一劫半,彼於五中劫獨一而居,復經五中劫與眾共住,再五中劫又與眾別,屬初靜慮地(初禪天)之中間禪。又阿含及諸大乘經中,常載此王深信佛法、助佛教化等事,每值佛出世,大梵天王必先來請轉法輪,手持白拂,於會座參法聽受,常以法義與佛問答;後與帝釋天同受佛之付囑,護持國土,而為顯密二教所共尊崇。
密教以梵天為十二天之一,或千手觀音二十八部眾之一。列位於現圖胎藏界曼荼羅外金剛部院東門之南方,身呈白肉色,頭戴髮髻冠,有四面四臂。據大日經疏卷五載,具四臂之中,右一手持蓮花,一手持數珠;左一手執軍持,一手作「唵」字印,此印為修行者之吉祥印。其種子為 (pra)。據大日經真言藏品所載,其真言為:南摩(皈命)鉢羅闍(prajā,一切生)鉢多曳(pataye,主)娑縛訶。〔雜阿含卷四十四、長阿含卷十四梵動經、卷十六堅固經、增一阿含卷十勸請品、大悲經卷一梵天品、大日經卷一、雜阿毘曇心論卷二、大日經疏卷十、玄應音義卷三〕
Mahābrahman; Brahma; 跋羅吸摩; 波羅賀磨; 梵覽摩; 梵天王; 梵王; 梵. Eitel says: "The first person of the Brahminical Trimūrti, adopted by Buddhism, but placed in an inferior position, being looked upon not as Creator, but as a transitory devatā whom every Buddhistic saint surpasses on obtaining bodhi. Notwithstanding this, the Saddharma-pundarīka calls Brahma 'the father of all living beings'" 一切衆生之父. Mahābrahman is the unborn or uncreated ruler over all, especially according to Buddhism over all the heavens of form, i.e. of mortality. He rules over these heavens, which are of threefold form: (a) Brahma (lord), (b) Brahma-purohitas (ministers), and (c) Brahma-pārisadyāh (people). His heavens are also known as the middle dhyāna heavens, i.e. between the first and second dhyānas. He is often represented on the right of the Buddha. According to Chinese accounts the Hindus speak of him (1) as born of Nārāyana, from Brahma's mouth sprang the brahmans, from his arms the ksatriyas, from his thighs the vaiśyas, and from his feet the śūdras; (2) as born from Visnu; (3) as a trimūrti, evidently that of Brahma, Visnu, and Śiva, but Buddhists define Mahābrahma's dharmakāya as Maheśvara (Śiva), his sambhogakāya as Nārāyana, and his nirmānakāya as Brahmā. He is depicted as riding on a swan, or drawn by swans.
梵是清淨的意思,為離淫欲之色界諸天的通名,今叫其中之初禪天主為大梵天。
(天名)Mahabrahman,梵者清淨之義,為離婬欲之色界諸天通名,今謂其中初禪天之王為大梵天。初禪天為色界四禪之最初者,故特附以梵天之名,其中分大梵天,梵輔天,梵眾天三者。大梵為君。梵輔為臣,梵眾為民。大梵天所得之禪定,稱為中間禪。位於初禪與二禪中間之禪定也。慧苑音義上曰:「梵謂梵摩,具謂跋濫摩,此謂清淨。」智度論十曰:「梵名離欲清淨。」智度論三十五曰:「梵者色界,都名也。」正理論三十一曰:「廣善所生故名為梵,此梵即大故名大梵,由彼獲得中間定故,最初生故,最初沒故,威德等勝故,名為大。」彼名為尸棄,譯言火或頂髻,彼頂上結髻如火,以表入於火光定,故名。彼在初禪天,最先生。故自念我無父母,自然而生,我為娑婆世界之主。法華經序品曰:「娑婆世界主梵天王尸棄大王。」大般若經五百七十曰:「堪忍世界主,持髻梵王。」智度論一曰:「三千大千世界,主持梵天王名式棄。」法華文句二曰:「尸棄者此翻為頂髻,又外國呼火為樹提尸棄。此王本修火光定破欲界惑,從德立名。」彼深信正法,每佛出世,必先來請轉法輪。又常在佛之右邊,手持白拂,以對於帝釋。