大般涅槃 (mahā-parinirvāna). 'Great Nirvāna', great extinction; supreme, perfect awakening. The great death of the Buddha.
梵語 mahā-parinirvāna。音譯作摩訶般涅槃那。略稱涅槃。指大滅度、大圓寂,為佛完全解脫之境地。據天台四教儀集註卷上之說,大者,為法身;滅者,為解脫;度者,為般若,即三德祕藏。北本涅槃經卷二十六(大一二‧五二一中):「菩薩摩訶薩修大涅槃,於一切法悉無所見,若有見者,不見佛性,不能修習般若波羅蜜,不得入於大般涅槃。」〔入楞伽經卷二、俱舍論光記卷六〕(參閱「涅槃」4149)
mahāparinirvāna, explained by 大入滅息 the great, or final entrance into extinction and cessation; or 大圓寂入 great entrance into perfect rest; 大滅度 great extinction and passing over (from mortality). It is interpreted in Mahāyāna as meaning the cessation or extinction of passion and delusion, of mortality, and of all activities, and deliverance into a state beyond these concepts. In Mahāyāna it is not understood as the annihilation, or cessation of existence; the reappearance of Dīpaṃkara 然燈 (who had long entered nirvāṇa) along with Śākyamuni on the Vulture Peak supports this view. It is a state above all terms of human expression. See the Lotus Sutra and the Nirvāna sūtra.
梵語摩訶般涅槃那,譯義摩訶為大,是讚美寂靜之德,般為入,是歸趣之義,涅槃為滅,是滅煩惱及身心之義,那為息,是安息之義,合之為大入滅息,簡稱為大般涅槃,是指佛度世已畢,歸於圓寂的意思。
(術語)梵語摩訶般涅槃那Mahaparinirvana,譯言大入滅息,或大滅度,大圓寂入等。大者美滅德之稱,滅者,滅煩惱滅身心之義,息者安息之義,度者,超度生死之義,圓寂者圓滿功德寂滅相累之義,入者歸於滅也。大乘義章十八曰:「摩訶般涅槃那,磨訶為大,大義有六。(中略)槃,此翻為入,入義有之。(中略)涅槃,此翻為滅,滅煩惱故滅生死故名之為滅,離眾相故大寂靜故亦名為滅。那者名息,究竟解脫永蘇息故。息何等事?息煩惱故,息生死故,又息一切諸行事故。」涅槃玄義上曰:「摩訶此翻為大,般涅此翻為滅,槃那此翻為度,是為大滅度也。」四教儀集註上曰:「大即法身,滅即解脫,度即般若,即三德秘藏也。」華嚴經疏鈔五十二曰:「疏涅槃正名為滅,取其義類乃有多方,總以義翻稱為圓寂,以義滿法界德備塵沙曰圓,體窮真性妙絕相累為寂。鈔梵云摩訶般涅槃那,具翻為大圓寂入,謂那即入義,應迴在入。(中略)總以義翻者即唐三藏等,在義周圓。」