很艱苦的修行方法。
苦行 [py] kŭxíng [wg] k'u-hsing [ko] 고행 kohaeng [ja] クギョウ kugyō ||| (1) The practice of austerities, especially for the purpose of attaining liberation. This method of aiming toward salvation was widely practiced in India at the time of Śākyamuni, and was the primary method he practiced before his revision of his worldview. Still practiced today in India (Pali tapa; Skt. tapas), it is believed that self-inflicted suffering has the effect of raising the consciousness to the extent that one may have an awakening experience. In its usage in Buddhist texts, the term often refers to the incomplete practices of non-Buddhists (外道). (2) A reference to the twenty dhuta 二十頭陀. (3) The practice of renunciation of worldly possessions 放棄.
瑜伽三十四卷十四頁云：如是由證成道理及修增上故，於無常行得決定已；從此無間，趣入苦行。作是思惟：如是諸行，皆是無常。是無常故；決定應是有生法性。如是諸行，既是生法；即有生苦。既有生苦；當知亦有老病死苦，怨憎會苦，愛別離苦，求不得苦。如是且由不可愛行，趣入苦行。如是復於有漏有取，能順樂受一切蘊中，由結縛行，趣入苦行。所以者何？以於愛等結處，生愛結等；於貪等縛處，生貪等縛；便能招集生老病死，愁悲憂苦，一切擾惱，純大苦蘊。如是復於有漏有取順非苦樂一切蘊中，由不安隱行，趣入苦行。所以者何？有漏有取順非苦樂一切諸蘊，麤重俱行，苦樂種子之所隨逐；苦苦，壞苦，不解脫故；一切皆是無常滅法。如是行者，於能隨順樂受諸行，及樂受中，由結縛行，趣入壞苦。於能隨順苦受諸行，及苦受中，由不可愛行，趣入苦苦。於能隨順不苦不樂受諸行，及不苦不樂受中，由不安隱行，趣入行苦。如是由結縛行，不可愛行，不安隱行，增上力故；於三受中，作如是說：諸所有受，皆悉是苦。如是名為由無常行作意為先，趣入苦行。##二解 瑜伽八十一卷七頁云：苦行者：謂露形無衣；如是等類，乃至廣說。
tapas, duṣkara-caryā, duṣkara; kaṣṭa-tapas, klamatha, klamatha-yoga, tapa, duḥkara, duḥkha, duḥkha-cāritā, duḥkhā pratipat, duṣkara-kārika, duṣkara-kṛta, duṣkara-cari, duṣkara-vrata, duṣkarī, dhuta, parikheda, pratāpavat, vrata, vrata-tapa.
【梵】tapasvī
【滿】katungga
【蒙】khatagujil
【漢】苦行
苦行 (kŭxíng) ( “religious austerity, difficult practices” )
{《漢語大詞典》9.319a(佛典)} ; {《大漢和辞典》9.579d(佛典)} ;
Dharmarakṣa: {125b2} 時有菩薩名衆生憙見，聞佛敷演散解義要，即奉佛法，遵習苦行，夙夜精進萬二千歳，經行不坐，竟萬二千歳，即便逮得普現三昧(p)
{K.405.13} duṣkara-caryā-
Kumārajīva: {L.53a24} 苦行
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